Antimicrobials Flashcards
Amphotericin B mech
Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi) forms membrane pores that allow leakage
Amphotericin B clinical
Serious systemic mycoses
- Cryptococcus
- Blastomyces
- Coccioides
- Histoplasma
- Candida
- Mucor
Amphotericin B toxicity
Fevers/chills
Nephrotoxic
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Nystatin
topical - binds ergosterol
Clinical use nystatin
swish and swallow
oral candidiasis
diaper vagina candidiasis
Flucytosine - mech
Inhibits DNA RNA biosynthesis by conversion to 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase
Clinical fluctyosine
systemic fungal infections (esp. crypto) in combo with amp B
Flucytosine - toxicity
bone marrow suppression
Azoles - mechanism clotrimazole fluconazole itraconazole etc.
inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis by inhibiting cytP450 enzyme
azoles - uses
local and less serious systemic mycoses
topical fungal azoles
clortrimazole
miconazole
azoles - toxicity
testosterone synthesis inhibitor liver dysfunction (inhibits p450)
Terbinafine - mech
inhibits squalene epoxidase
Terbinafine use
dermatophytoses
Terbinifine - tox
GI
Headache
Hepatotoxicity
Echinocandins - mech
Capsofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin
inhibit cells WALL synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta-glucan
echinocandins use
invasive aspergillosis
candida
echinocandin - tox
gi
flushing - histamine release
griseofulvin - mech
microtubule - deposits in keratin containing tissue
griseofulvin - use
oral treatment of superficial infecitons - tinea/ringworm
griseofulvin - tox
teratogenic
carcinogenic
increasese cytp450 warfarin metabolism
therapy for toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine
therapy for Trypanosoma brucei
suramin and melarsoprol
therapy for Trypanosoma cruzi
nifurtimox
therapy for Leishmaniasis
sodium stiboglucinate
