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0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX > Micro-bacteria > Flashcards

Micro-bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Common catalase positive organisms

A 
Cats Need PLACESS to hide
Norcadia
Pseudomonas
Listeria 
Aspergillus
Candida
E Coli
Staph Aureus 
Serratia 
Children increased risk :( if have CGD -
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2
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A 
SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo
Heaemohpilus Influenzae
Neisseria Gonorrhea
E Coli
Salmonella 
Klebsiella 
Strep (group B)
Children increased risk :( if Splenectomy
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3
Q

Jones Criteria for Acute Rheumatic fever - remember most frequent culprit is GAS

A 
Joints - polyarthritis
O - carditis (o looks like heart)
Nodules (subcutaneous)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
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4
Q

Spore forming bacteria (give me 7)

A

Bacillus anthracis - anthrax
Bacillus cereus - food poisoning
Clostridium botulinum - botulism - flaccid
Clostridium difficile - colitis (ab associated)
Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene
Clostridium tetani - tetanus - spastic
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever

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5
Q

If you see black colonies of cystine tellulite agar, what is your biggest concern

A

diphtheria

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6
Q

Lamivudine

A

nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor against AIDS and HepB

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7
Q

Penicillin-R

A

Beta lactamase, ESBL
Mutated PBP
Mutated porin protein

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8
Q

Vancomycin-R

A

Mutated peptidoglycan cell wall

Impaired influx / increased efflux

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9
Q

Quinolone-R

A

Mutated DNA gyrase

Impaired influx / increased efflux

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10
Q

Aminoglycoside resistance

A

AG modifying enzymes
Mutated ribosome subunit
mutated porin protein

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11
Q

Tetracycline - R

A

Impaired influx / increased Efflux

inactivated enzyme

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12
Q

Rifampin-R

A

mutated RNA polymerase

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13
Q

If bug has ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) - i.e. cant use penicillins, cephalosporins, or monobactams what do you use?

A

carbapenems

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14
Q

How do I distinguish between E Coli and Enterobacter cloacae, which are both gram negative, lactose fermenting rods?

A

Indole test
E Coli is able to convert tryptophan to indole
Enterobacter cloacae is not

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15
Q

Ringing in ears after starting new antibiotic - what would you think she might be taking? - hint - also nephrotoxic

A

Aminoglycosides - toxicity

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16
Q

nevirapine

efavirenze

A

NNRTIs

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17
Q

NNRTIs (nevirapine, efavirenze) toxicity

A

hepatotoxicty

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18
Q

Cryptococcus

morph

A

yeas form only; round encapsulated cells with narrow based bused

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19
Q

cryptococcus - virulence

A

thick polysaccharide capsule

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20
Q

cryptococcus epidemiology

A

opportunisitic
respiratory
pigeon droppings

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21
Q

cryptococcus infection

A

lung - primary
most common - meningoencephalitis
can disseminate

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22
Q

cryptococcus

diagnosis

A

india ink CSF
latex agglutination CSF
culture (sabouraud’s)
methenamine (GMS)

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23
Q

Cryptococcus treatment

A

Amp B and flucytosine (acute meningitis)

fluconazole for prophylaxis

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24
Q

Nonseptate hyphae and branch at wide angles -

A

Mucor and Rhizopus - tend to cause infection of the paranasal sinuses in immunosuppressed - mucormycosis - but I think can spread to brain? - check into this

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25
Q

germ-tubes (at 37)

A

candida albicans

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26
Q

CMV related complications for vertical transmission? (greatest risk if infected first tri)

A

chorioretinitis, sensorineural deafness, seizures, jaundice, heaptomegaly, splenomegaly, microcephaly

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27
Q

Burn victim??? think

A

pseudomonas - treat with cefepime?

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28
Q

Drug of choice against pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

TMP/SMX

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29
Q

Doxycycline popular for

A

tickborne rickettsial and lyme disease

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30
Q

Drug of choice against Toxoplasmosis

A

TMP/SMX

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31
Q

Broad based buds

A

Blastomyces (dermatophyte)

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32
Q

Septate 45degree

A

Aspergillus

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33
Q

Oval yeast with narrow buds

A

Candida albicans

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34
Q

Spherules (round capsules with endospores) in tissue culture

A

cocciodes immitis

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35
Q

Round variable sized yeast with narrow based buds -

A

Cryptococcus neoforms - india ink stain

thick polysaccharide capsule

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36
Q

Small intercellular dimporphic fungus

A

Histoplasma - South central and eastern US

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37
Q

Broad ribbon hyphae

A

Rhizopus

Mucor

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38
Q

FTA-ABS

A

Treponemal antibody test for T. pallidum - patients serum is mixed with T. pallidum (syphillis)

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39
Q

most common cause of gram negative endocarditis

A

Q - fever via Coxiella burnetti

40
Q

Spaghetti and meatballs fungus

A

Malassezia (pityrosporum) yeast-like fungus that degrade lipids and produce acids that damage melanocytes leading to tinea-vesicolor - selenium sulfide

41
Q

Opportunistic fungus that can cause hepatocellular carncinoma?

A

Aspergillus via aflatoxic spores

remember 45 degree septate hyphae

42
Q

DKA fungus :)

A

Mucor and Rhizopus

43
Q

Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities

A

Pneumocystis jerovecii

44
Q

Why is the treatment for pneumocystis jerovecii unqique?

A

most of the time we seem to give people AmpB for systemic opportunist - but we apparently give this organism TMP/SMX

45
Q

Rose gardnerer

A

Sprotrix schenkii - pustule ulcer

46
Q

Treatment for sporothrix schenkii

A

Potassium iodide or itraconazole
POTs are where roses are potted - potassium
Itraconazole just remember ;:)

47
Q

Guillain Barre bug?

A

Campylobacter

48
Q

Guillain Barre presentation

A

ascending paralysis after diarrhea - like 2-3 weeks

49
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesion in aids patient?

A

Toxoplasmosis - treat with Pyramethamine sulfadiazine

50
Q

Gram positive rod with tumbling motility

A

listeria - facultative intracellular

51
Q

Biliary tract disease / Cholangiocarcinoma

parasite

A

clonorchis sinensis - undercood fish - trematode

52
Q

Brain cyst / seizures - parasite

A

taenia solium - cystiercercosis
ingestion of eggs not encysted larvae
- albendazole for neuro

53
Q

hematuria / squamous bladder cell cancer

A

schistosoma haemotaboium

praziquantel

54
Q

liver (hydatid cysts)

A

echinococcus - albendazole

55
Q

microcytic anemia - parasite?

A

ancylostoma, necator - hookworms

albendazole

56
Q

myalgias / periorbital edema - parasite?

A

trichenlla spiralis - trichinosis = bendazole

57
Q

perianal pruritus - parasite?

A

eterobius - bendazole

58
Q

portal hypertension - parasite?

A

schistosoma mansoni or japonicum - praziquantel

59
Q

Vit B 12 deficiency - parasite?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum - fish tapeworm - praziquantel

60
Q

Common intracellular bacteria (8)

A 
Chlamydia
Legionella 
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycobacterium 
Neisseria meningitidis
Nocardia 
Rickettsia 
Salmonella typhi
61
Q

Common intracellular fungi (2)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

Pneumocystis jirovecii

62
Q

Common intracellular protozoa (2)

A

Plasmodium

Toxoplasma gondii

63
Q

Listerolysin - o

A

listeria pore forming toxin used to excape lysosome

64
Q

Predisposition to neisseria

A

c5b-c9 Deficiency

65
Q

Transfer of enteric pathogen from domestic animals to humans - which one?

A

campylobacter

66
Q

Cold agglutitinin pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma - higher titer of IgM

67
Q

DKA with eschar in nose

A

Mucor!!!!

68
Q

Ecthyma granulosum - skin patches with necrotic cetners - strongly associated wtih

A

Pseudomonas

69
Q

Patient has pneumonia with hyponatremia and diarrhea

propensity for smokers

A

think legionella - which will show many neutrophils without organism on gram stain

70
Q

Intracellular polyphosphate granules are characteristic of

A

corynebacter diphtheria - charachertistic intracellular finding?

71
Q

Negative strand rna viruses (-)

A 
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication 
Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Filovirus
Rhabdovirus
72
Q

Paramyxovirus (4 to know)

A

measles
mumps
rsv
parainfluenza

73
Q

orthomyxoviruses

A

influenza

74
Q

bunyavirus - most important

A

hantavirus

75
Q

rhabdovirus

A

rabies

76
Q

filovirus

A

ebola

77
Q

bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa?

A

measles koplik spots

78
Q

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

A

3 cs of measles

79
Q

Negri bodies - characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions

A

rabies

80
Q

councilman bodies

A

eosinophilic apoptotic globules

frequently seen in hepatic failure from hep

81
Q

bacillary angiomatosis

A

from bartonella henslae (cat scratch fever) - biopsy with neutrophilic inflammmation

82
Q

owl eye

A

cmv

83
Q

4 As of klebsiella

A

Alcoholic
Aspiration
Abscess in liver lungs
diAbetics

84
Q

what is unique about chlamydia?

A

they have 2 forms
the elementary friends - invade via endocytosis
the reticulate friends - multiply within :) fission
elementary friends leave

85
Q

Medically imporant cutaneous fungi (2)

A

dermatophytosis (tinea, onychomycoiss)

pityriasis versicolor

86
Q

medically important subcutaneous fungus

A

sporotrichosis - the rose bud thing

87
Q

medically important systemic fungi (3)

A

histoplasmosis
coccidioidmycosis
blastomycosis

88
Q

medically important opporunistic fungi (4)

A

candida
aspergillus
mucor
rhizopus

89
Q

pityriasis versicolor - also called tinea versicolor - is characterized by hypopigmented and hyperpigmented erythematous macules or patches on the upper body…
what causes it?
how do we detect?

A

Malessezia

KOH - looks like spaghettic and meatballs

90
Q

Blastomycosis is characterized by???

A

progressive pulmonary infection

91
Q

Histoplamosis most commonly manifests ??

A

as a pulmonary disease

92
Q

____ is characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with satellite vesicels or warm putsules in moist crevices usually due to candida

A

intertrigo

93
Q

frequent cause of tinea capitis and coporis?

A

microsporum

94
Q

rhizopus causes mucomyosis - what is that?

A

invasive - necortic upper and lower respiratory infections in IMC

95
Q

mold that cause nodular skin lesions

A

sporotrichosis

96
Q

How could we distinguish sarcoid from TB with TB characteristics??? (2)

A

TB would show caseating granulomas (sarcoid shows non-caseating)
TB would show acid fast bacilli - because those little mycobacterium tuberculosis would be there :(

97
Q

gram stain for TB?

A

AF

shows rods

0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX (25 decks)

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