Key associations Flashcards
actinic (solar) keratosis
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
acute gastric ulcer associated with cns injury
cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric acid secretion)
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon?
Crohns disease (skip lesions)
aortic aneurysm, abdominal
atherosclerosis
aortic anuerysm, ascending or arch
tertiary syphillis (syphilitic aortitis) vasa vasorum destruction
aortic aneurysm, thoracic
marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
aoritc dissection
hypertension
atrophy of mamillary bodies
wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthamoplegia, and confusion)
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
sick cells disease (hemoglobin S)
bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer
h pylori
bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
strep pneumo
bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group b strep / e coli (newborns)
s pneumo / n meningitidis (kids/teens)
bilateral ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma
bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
brain tumor (Adults)
supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
brain tumor (child)
infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
breast cancer
invasive ductal carcinoma
breast mass
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal)
breast tumor (benign)
fibroadenoma
cardiac primary tumor (kids)
rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
cardiac manifestation of lupus
marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - both sides of valve
cardiac tumor (adults)
mets, myxoma (90% in left atrium; ball and valve)
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
chiari II malformation
chronic arrhythmia
atrial fibrillation (assoicated with high risk of emboli)
chornic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, with hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
congential conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
constrictive peridcarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>Circumflex
cretinism
iodine deficiency / congenital hypothyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
acth-secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing’s disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus (one vessel)
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD; ASD; PDA
Death in CML
Blast crisis (>30% cells are blasts)
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
demyelinating disease in young women
ms
DIC
severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
diverticulum in pharynx
zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
dietary deficit
iron
esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (US)
food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus
Bacillus cereus
glomerulonephritis (Adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
gynecologic malignancy
endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical cancer (most common worldwide)
heart murmur, congenital
mitral valve prolapse
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
helminth infections (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
hematoma - epidural
rupture of middle meningal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) - like eye
hematoma -subdural
rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transufrions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in hear failure, “bronze diabetes” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatocelluar carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associted with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
hereditary bleeding disorder
von willebrand disease
hereditary harmless jaundice
gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
HLA-B27
reactive arthritis
ankylosing spondlyitis
ulcerative colitis
psoriatic arthritis
HLA-DR3
DM1
SLE
Graves
hashimotos thyroiditis
HLA-DR4
DM1,
RA
Holosystolic murmur
VSD,
Tricuspid regurgitiation
mitral regurgitiation
hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
blood stasis
virchow traid (increased risk of thrombosis)
hypertension, secondary
renal disease
hypoparathyroiddism
accidentail excision during thyroidectomy
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
infection secondary to blood transfusion
hep c
infection in chronic granulmoatous disease
s aureus
e coli
aspergillus (calatase (+))
intellectual disability
down syndrome, fragile x syndrome
kidney stones
calcium = radiopaque
struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as klebsiella, proteus species, and s saprophyticus)
uric acid = radiolucent
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right become right to left)
eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension, polycythemia)
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
lysosomal storage disase
gaucher
male cancer
prostate
malignancy associated wtih noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
mets to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
mets to brain
lung > breast > gu > melanoma > gi
mets to liver
colon»_space; stomach, pancreas
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
als
myocarditis
coxsackie b
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
nosocomial pneumonia
s. aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram negative rods
neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
Opening snap
mitral stenosis
opporutnistic infection in aids
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
osteomyelitis
s aureus (most common overall)
osteomyleitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
osteomyletitis with iv drug users
pseudomonas, candida, s. aureaus
ovarian tumor (benign bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
pacreatitis (acute)
gallstones and alcohol
pancreastitis (chornic)
alcohol (adults) cystic fibosis (kids)
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child;
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult around 65
CML: adult 45-85
pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis
N gonorrhoeae
Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) BCR-ABL
CML (may sometimes be associated with all/aml)
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
primary amenorrhea
turner syndrome (45xo)
primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromastosis, alpha-1-antityrpisn deficiency, Wilson disease)
pulmonary hypertension
COPD
Recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) so stop fucking smoking
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel Lindau and cigerette smoking, paraneoplasic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, acth)
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
S3 hear sound
increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g. mitral regurg, HF) common in dilated ventricles
S4 heart sound
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
std
c trachomatis (usually coninfected with n gonorrhoeae)
SIADH
small cell lung cancer
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
stomach ulceration and high gastrin level
zollinger ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
t(14;18)
follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
t(8:14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
t(9;22)
philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindenss due to occulsion of ophthlalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
tumore in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
tumor of infancy
strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
tumor of the adrenal medulla (Adults)
pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
neuroblastoma (malignant)
type of hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
type of non-hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
UTI
e coli s saprophyticus (young women)
verterbral compression fracture
osteoporosis (type i: postmenopausal women)
type ii: elderly man or woman
viral encephalitis
HSV1
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (preggo - body store only 3 month supply - prevents neural tube defects)
You know that berry anuerysms are associated with Ehler’s Danlos - what other condition are they commonly associated with
ADPKD - and Ehler’s Danlos have this in common
Xanthochromia or gross blood in lumbar puncture might tell you what?
If they have a severe headache - then Subarachnoid hemorrhage - find this in csf
recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage
cerebral amyloid angiopathy - old people - yield focal neuro deficits
charcot bouchard aneurysms
occur in people with long standing hypertension - found in arterioles that supply the basal ganglia - internal capsule - deep white matter - intracerebebral hemorrhage
