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Med Surg 1 > Pharm 54 > Flashcards

Pharm 54 Flashcards

1
Q

Potassium (k+) normal range

A

3.5-5.0

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2
Q

Magnesium (Mg++) normal range

A

1.5-2.5

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3
Q

Sodium (Na+) normal range

A

135-145

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4
Q

Calcium (ca++) normal range

A

4.5-5.3

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5
Q

Electrolytes imbalance can occur because
(SATA 4)

A

Vomiting
Surgery
Diagnostic test
Drug administration

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6
Q

Potassium (K+) =

A

Heart

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7
Q

Magnesium (Mg++) =

A

Nervous system

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8
Q

An electrically charged particle essential to the normal functioning of all cells

A

Electrolyte

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9
Q

A condition when the body’s fluid requirements are met and the administration of fluid occurs at a rate that is greater than the rate at which the body can use or eliminate the fluid

A

Fluid overload

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

A

Behavioral changes(confusion, disorientation, delirium, drowsiness)
Weight gain
Rapid breathing
Wheezing
Coughing
Rise in BP
Distended neck veins (JVD)

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11
Q

S/s hyperkalemia
(SATA 4)

A

Anxiety
Mental confusion
Parenthesias
Cardiac arrhythmias

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12
Q

S & S hypermagnesia imbalance
(SATA 4)

A

Drowsiness
Impaired respiration
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Weak/absent tendon reflex

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13
Q

S&S hyponatremia
(SATA 5)

A

Cold & clammy skin
Anxiety
Hypotension
N/v
Vomiting (can cause hyponatremia)

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14
Q

Intracellular electrolytes (2)

A

Potassium (k+)
Magnesium (mg++)

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15
Q

S&S hypocalcemia
(SATA 4)

A

Positive trousseau & chvostek sign
Muscle twitching
Muscle cramps
Tetany(numbness, tingling & muscular twitching usually of extremities)

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16
Q

Major electrolyte in intracellular fluid and must be consumed daily because it cannot be absorbed

A

Potassium

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17
Q

Examples of causes of _____ are marked loss of GI fluids (sever vomiting, diarrhea, nasogastric suctioning)
Diabetic acidosis & use of a potassium depleting diuretic

A

Hypokalemia

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18
Q

Play an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses

A

Magnesium

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19
Q

Used as replacement therapy is hypomagnesemia

A

Magnesium sulfate

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20
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

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21
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics & salt substitutes used with potassium can cause severe __

A

Hyperkalemia

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22
Q

The use of ____ with potassium increases risk of digoxin toxicity

A

Digitalis (lanoxin)

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23
Q

Major electrolytes in extracellular fluid, is important in maintaining acid-base balance, normal heart action & in the regulation of osmotic pressure in body cells (water balance)

A

Sodium

24
Q

Necessary for the functioning of nerves and muscles, the clotting of blood, the building of bones and teeth and other physiologic processes

A

Calcium

25
Q

Calcium (ca++) =

A

Parathyroid

26
Q

___ may be given for the treatment of ___ which may be seen in those with parathyroid fuses or after accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery of the thyroid gland

A

Calcium
Hypocalcemia

27
Q

___ contraindicated in clients with hyperthermia or fluid retention and when the administration of ___ or ___ could be detrimental

A
28
Q

___ is used cautiously in surgical clients and those with circulatory insufficiency, heart failure, edema, renal impairment

A

Sodium

29
Q

Irritation of the vein, tingling, a metallic or chalky taste & heat waves may occur when ___ is given IV

A

Calcium

30
Q

Rapid administration of ___ may result in bradycardia, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias & cardiac arrest

A

Calcium gluconate

31
Q

Plasma protein fractions include human plasma protein fraction __% and normal serum albumin __%

A

5%
5%

32
Q

___ ___ ___ are used to treat Hypovolemic shock that occurs as a result of burns & trauma

A

Plasma protein fractions

33
Q

IV solutions of plasma expanders
(SATA 2)

A

Hetastarch (Hespan)
Dextran

34
Q

Other plasma expanders may result in

A

Hypotension
Dyspena
Bronchospasm
Wheezing

35
Q

TPN is delivered by ___ never by___

A

Infusion pump
Gravity

36
Q

____ a method of administering nutrients to the body by an IV route

A

TPN

37
Q

A metabolic complication seen with TPN infusions

A

Hyperglycemia

38
Q

If an infusion of TPN is given too rapidly it may result in (4)

A

Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, mental confusion and loss of consciousness

39
Q

The use of __ ___ helps to deliver calories without raising the level of glucose in TPN preparations

A

Fat emulsions

40
Q

There is an increased risk of crystalluria when ___ is administered with ____

A

Bicarbonate
Fluroquinolones

41
Q

IV needle site is inspected for signs of ___ (escape if fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissues)

A

Extravastation

42
Q

The collection of fluid into tissues

A

Infiltration

43
Q

Clients receiving oral potassium should have their ___ and __ monitored frequently, especially during therapy

A

BP
Pulse

44
Q

Adverse reactions to ___ include metabolic acidosis and loss of electrolytes

A

Ammonium chloride

45
Q

When given orally, potassium may cause ___ ___ , it is given immediately after meals or with food and a full glass of water

A

GI distress

46
Q

IV solutions should be administered at ___ ___, if solution is refrigerated allow the solution to warm at room temp for __ to ___ before use

A

Room temperature
30-45

47
Q

Concentrated potassium solutions are for __ only and should never be used undiluted. It is always diluted in ___ -____ of an IV solution

A

IV mixtures
500-1000mL

48
Q

A __ is attached to the IV line when TPN solutions are administered. This helps prevent microscopic aggregates (particles that may form in the IV bag) from entering the bloodstream, where they could cause massive

A

Microscopic filter
Emboli

49
Q

During the first ___ of infusion of a fat solution CAREFULLY OBSERVE THE CLIENT FOR

A

30 minutes
Difficulty breathing (a far embolis can occur)

50
Q

If signs of fluid overload occur

A

Slow the IV infusion rate & immediately contact the provider

51
Q

When potassium is administered to a client with cardiac disease, a ____ is needed

A

Cardiac monitor

52
Q

Electrolyte: magnesium sulfate (parental) uses:

A

Mild to severe hypomagnesemia
Seizures

53
Q

Electrolyte: potassium replacement
Trade name:
Uses:

A

Klor-Con
Hypokalemia

54
Q

Alkalinizing drug: bicarbonate uses

A

Metabolic acidosis

55
Q

Electrolytes in intracellular

A

Potassium
Magnesium

56
Q

Electrolytes in extracellular

A

Sodium
Calcium

Med Surg 1 (19 decks)

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