Pharm 54

Question 1

Potassium (k+) normal range

Answer 1

3.5-5.0

Question 2

Magnesium (Mg++) normal range

Answer 2

1.5-2.5

Question 3

Sodium (Na+) normal range

Answer 3

135-145

Question 4

Calcium (ca++) normal range

Answer 4

4.5-5.3

Question 5

Electrolytes imbalance can occur because
(SATA 4)

Answer 5

Vomiting
Surgery
Diagnostic test
Drug administration

Question 6

Potassium (K+) =

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

Magnesium (Mg++) =

Answer 7

Nervous system

Question 8

An electrically charged particle essential to the normal functioning of all cells

Answer 8

Electrolyte

Question 9

A condition when the body’s fluid requirements are met and the administration of fluid occurs at a rate that is greater than the rate at which the body can use or eliminate the fluid

Answer 9

Fluid overload

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

Answer 10

Behavioral changes(confusion, disorientation, delirium, drowsiness)
Weight gain
Rapid breathing
Wheezing
Coughing
Rise in BP
Distended neck veins (JVD)

Question 11

S/s hyperkalemia
(SATA 4)

Answer 11

Anxiety
Mental confusion
Parenthesias
Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 12

S & S hypermagnesia imbalance
(SATA 4)

Answer 12

Drowsiness
Impaired respiration
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Weak/absent tendon reflex

Question 13

S&S hyponatremia
(SATA 5)

Answer 13

Cold & clammy skin
Anxiety
Hypotension
N/v
Vomiting (can cause hyponatremia)

Question 14

Intracellular electrolytes (2)

Answer 14

Potassium (k+)
Magnesium (mg++)

Question 15

S&S hypocalcemia
(SATA 4)

Answer 15

Positive trousseau & chvostek sign
Muscle twitching
Muscle cramps
Tetany(numbness, tingling & muscular twitching usually of extremities)

Question 16

Major electrolyte in intracellular fluid and must be consumed daily because it cannot be absorbed

Answer 16

Potassium

Question 17

Examples of causes of _____ are marked loss of GI fluids (sever vomiting, diarrhea, nasogastric suctioning)
Diabetic acidosis & use of a potassium depleting diuretic

Answer 17

Hypokalemia

Question 18

Play an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 18

Magnesium

Question 19

Used as replacement therapy is hypomagnesemia

Answer 19

Magnesium sulfate

Question 20

Potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 20

Spironolactone

Question 21

Potassium sparing diuretics & salt substitutes used with potassium can cause severe __

Answer 21

Hyperkalemia

Question 22

The use of ____ with potassium increases risk of digoxin toxicity

Answer 22

Digitalis (lanoxin)

Question 23

Major electrolytes in extracellular fluid, is important in maintaining acid-base balance, normal heart action & in the regulation of osmotic pressure in body cells (water balance)

Answer 23

Sodium

Question 24

Necessary for the functioning of nerves and muscles, the clotting of blood, the building of bones and teeth and other physiologic processes

Answer 24

Calcium

Question 25

Calcium (ca++) =

Answer 25

Parathyroid

Question 26

___ may be given for the treatment of ___ which may be seen in those with parathyroid fuses or after accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery of the thyroid gland

Answer 26

Calcium Hypocalcemia

Question 27

___ contraindicated in clients with hyperthermia or fluid retention and when the administration of ___ or ___ could be detrimental

Question 28

___ is used cautiously in surgical clients and those with circulatory insufficiency, heart failure, edema, renal impairment

Answer 28

Sodium

Question 29

Irritation of the vein, tingling, a metallic or chalky taste & heat waves may occur when ___ is given IV

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

Rapid administration of ___ may result in bradycardia, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias & cardiac arrest

Answer 30

Calcium gluconate

Question 31

Plasma protein fractions include human plasma protein fraction __% and normal serum albumin __%

Answer 31

5% 5%

Question 32

___ ___ ___ are used to treat Hypovolemic shock that occurs as a result of burns & trauma

Answer 32

Plasma protein fractions

Question 33

IV solutions of plasma expanders (SATA 2)

Answer 33

Hetastarch (Hespan) Dextran

Question 34

Other plasma expanders may result in

Answer 34

Hypotension Dyspena Bronchospasm Wheezing

Question 35

TPN is delivered by ___ never by___

Answer 35

Infusion pump Gravity

Question 36

____ a method of administering nutrients to the body by an IV route

Answer 36

TPN

Question 37

A metabolic complication seen with TPN infusions

Answer 37

Hyperglycemia

Question 38

If an infusion of TPN is given too rapidly it may result in (4)

Answer 38

Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, mental confusion and loss of consciousness

Question 39

The use of __ ___ helps to deliver calories without raising the level of glucose in TPN preparations

Answer 39

Fat emulsions

Question 40

There is an increased risk of crystalluria when ___ is administered with ____

Answer 40

Bicarbonate Fluroquinolones

Question 41

IV needle site is inspected for signs of ___ (escape if fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissues)

Answer 41

Extravastation

Question 42

The collection of fluid into tissues

Answer 42

Infiltration

Question 43

Clients receiving oral potassium should have their ___ and __ monitored frequently, especially during therapy

Answer 43

BP Pulse

Question 44

Adverse reactions to ___ include metabolic acidosis and loss of electrolytes

Answer 44

Ammonium chloride

Question 45

When given orally, potassium may cause ___ ___ , it is given immediately after meals or with food and a full glass of water

Answer 45

GI distress

Question 46

IV solutions should be administered at ___ ___, if solution is refrigerated allow the solution to warm at room temp for __ to ___ before use

Answer 46

Room temperature 30-45

Question 47

Concentrated potassium solutions are for __ only and should never be used undiluted. It is always diluted in ___ -____ of an IV solution

Answer 47

IV mixtures 500-1000mL

Question 48

A __ is attached to the IV line when TPN solutions are administered. This helps prevent microscopic aggregates (particles that may form in the IV bag) from entering the bloodstream, where they could cause massive

Answer 48

Microscopic filter Emboli

Question 49

During the first ___ of infusion of a fat solution CAREFULLY OBSERVE THE CLIENT FOR

Answer 49

30 minutes Difficulty breathing (a far embolis can occur)

Question 50

If signs of fluid overload occur

Answer 50

Slow the IV infusion rate & immediately contact the provider

Question 51

When potassium is administered to a client with cardiac disease, a ____ is needed

Answer 51

Cardiac monitor

Question 52

Electrolyte: magnesium sulfate (parental) uses:

Answer 52

Mild to severe hypomagnesemia Seizures

Question 53

Electrolyte: potassium replacement Trade name: Uses:

Answer 53

Klor-Con Hypokalemia

Question 54

Alkalinizing drug: bicarbonate uses

Answer 54

Metabolic acidosis

Question 55

Electrolytes in intracellular

Answer 55

Potassium Magnesium

Question 56

Electrolytes in extracellular

Answer 56

Sodium Calcium