Chapter 62 Flashcards
An injury to a muscle when it is stretched or pulled beyond its capacity
Strain
A soft tissue injury resulting from a blow or blunt trauma
Contusion
Injuries to the ligaments surrounding a joint
Sprains
Mind stretching of a muscle or tendon causing some edema and muscle spasm, but no real loss of function
First degree strain
Partial tearing of muscle or tendon, leading to inability to bear weight, limited motion, and there is edema, muscle tenderness, muscle spasm, and ecchymosis
Second degree strain
Severe muscle and/or tendon tearing, causing severe pain, muscle spasm, ecchymosis, edema, and loss of function
Third degree strain
A sprain of the cervical spine
Whiplash injury
Result from sudden, unusual movement or stretching around a joint, which is common with falls or other accidental injuries
Sprain of the cervical spine
Involves stretching of the ligament fibers, characterized by mild edema, tenderness, and pain if joint is moved
First degree sprain
Involves partial tearing of the ligament with edema, pain with motion, joint instability, and some loss of function
Second degree sprain
The ligament is torn or ruptured completely, with possible detachment of a fragment of bone (avulsion fracture) and hematoma formation, which contribute to the severe pain, edema, and abnormal joint movement
Third degree sprain
Injured area becomes ___ immediately, and swelling usually follows. The person typically avoids ___ or using the injured joint or limb.
Painful
Fill weight bearing
In cases of extensive ligaments tearing, the joint may be ___ until it heals
Unstable
X-rays show a rather __ than usual joint space and rule out or confirm an accompanying ___
Larger
Fracture
MRI may be done to determine the
Extent of the injury
Demonstrates asymmetry in the joint as a result of the damaged ligaments
Arthrography
May disclose trauma in the joint capsule
Arthroscopy
Treatment consists of applying ice or a chemical cold pack to the area to reduce swelling and remove pain for the first —- hrs
24 to 48
PRICE
Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
After _ days, when swelling no longer is likely to increase, applying __ reduceds pain and relieves __ edema by improving circulation
2 days
Heat
Local
Occur when the articular surfaces of a joint are no longer ___
In contact
The shoulder, hip, and knee are commonly affected in a ___
Dislocation
A partial dislocation
Subluxation
A condition in which a structure such as a tendon or nerve is constricted in a confined space
Compartment syndrome
Separation of bones from their articulating joint & may disrupt local blood supply to structures such as the joint cartilage, causing (3)
Degeneration
Chronic pain
Restricted movement
Decreased sensation and movement
Palsy
If compartment syndrome occurs in an upper extremity is may lead to
Volkmann contracture
A claw like deformity of the hand resulting from a obstructed arterial blood flow to the forearm and hand
Volkmann contracture
Client is unable to extend their fingers and complains of unrelenting pain, particularly if attempting to stretch the hand. There are also signs of compromise circulation to the hand
Volkmann contracture
If a dislocation affect an extremity
SATA
The arm of leg may be shorter than its unaffected counterpart as a result of the displacement of one of the articulating bones
ROM is limited
Evidence of soft tissue injury includes swelling, coolness, numbness, tingling, and pale or dusky color of the distal tissue
The inflammation of a tendon cause by overuse
Tendinitis
Painful inflammation of the elbow
Epicondylitis
A cystic mass that develops near tendon sheaths and joints of the wrist
Ganglion cyst
Term used for a group of symptoms located in the carpal tunnel of the wrist, a narrow, inelastic canal through which the carpal tendons and median nerve pas
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Injury is also responsible for ___ which occurs when the tendons of the medial or lateral radial and ulnar epicondyles sustain damage
Epicondylitis
Playing tennis, pitching ball or rowing
Epicondylitis
