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Med Surg 1 > Ch 22 > Flashcards

Ch 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A

To supply body cells & tissues with oxygen rich blood & eliminate carbon dioxide & cellular waste

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2
Q

The primary focus remains on ___ the natural heart by ____ heart disease

A

Preserving
Preventing

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3
Q

Reverse to changes in composition of muscle tissue that can occur in again as the result of deconditioning

A

Sarcopenia

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4
Q

The cardiovascular system consist of the ___, the ____ and a ___

A

Heart
Major blood vessels that empty into or exit directly from the heart
Vast network of smaller peripheral blood vessels

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5
Q

A portion of the thoracic cavity that also contains the trachea & major blood vessels

A

Mediastinum

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6
Q

The heart lies slightly

A

To the left of the midline of the sternum in the mediastinum

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7
Q

The heart is a __ muscular pump

A

Four-chambered

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8
Q

The receiving chambers for blood

A

Right & left atria

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9
Q

The hearts major pumping chambers

A

Right & left ventricles

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10
Q

Wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side

A

Septum

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11
Q

Receives deoxygenated blood from the venous system

A

Right atrium

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12
Q

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

A

Right ventricle

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13
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

Left atrium

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14
Q

Pumps oxygenated blood to all the cells and tissues of the body

A

Left ventricle

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15
Q

Right side of the heart facilities

A

Pulmonary circulation

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16
Q

The left side of the heart is responsible for

A

Systemic circulation

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17
Q

Middle layer (strongest layer) consists of muscle tissue and is the force behind the hearts pumping action

A

Myocardium

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18
Q

The inner layer, composed of a thin, smooth layer of endothelial cells. Folds of the endocardium from the heart valves

A

Endocardium

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19
Q

Saclike structure that surrounds and supports the heart (when healthy, protects & keeps bacteria out)

A

Pericardium

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20
Q

Separated the atria from the ventricles. They prevent blood from returning to the atria when the ventricles contract

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

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21
Q

The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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22
Q

The valve between the left atrium & the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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23
Q

Attached to the tricuspid and mitral valves, are cordlike, which in return attach to papillary muscles

A

Chordae tendineae

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24
Q

Two major muscular projections from the ventricles

A

Papillary muscles

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25
The valve between the right ventricle & pulmonary artery
Pulmonic (pulmonary) valve
26
The valve between the left ventricle and aorta
Aortic valve
27
Contraction of the ventricles forces blood into the __ & __
Pulmonary artery Aorta
28
Carry oxygenated blood from the heart
Arteries
29
Return deoxygenated blood to the heart
Veins
30
The smallest arteries
Arterioles
31
Smallest veins are called
Venules
32
Microscopic vessels that form a connecting network between Arterioles and Venules
Capillaries
33
Capillaries are __ cell layer thick and in direct contact with the cells of all tissues s
One
34
Largest veins, bring in venous(deoxygenated) blood from all areas of the body into the right atrium
Inferior vena cava & superior vena cava
35
The only artery in an adult that carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery
36
Gas exchange takes place in the
Alveoli
37
Refers to the sequence of electrical and mechanical events in the atria & ventricles that result in a heart beat
Cardiac cycle
38
Plays a roll in the cardiac cycle, sustains the electrical activity of the heart
Conduction system
39
Consists of the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches & purkinje fibers
40
An area of nerve tissue located in the posterior wall of the right atrium
SA node
41
SA node is called the ____ because it infuriates the electrical impulses Normally between 60 & 100 per minute
Pacemaker of the heart
42
Where is the conduction system located
Posterior wall of the right atrium
43
Cardiac impulse starts in the ___
SA node
44
Once cells in the atria are excited they __\
Contract in unison
45
During diastole, while myocardial cells are at rest and before an impulse is generated, the cells are in a ___
Polarized state (polarization)
46
The time during which the cells are resistant to electrical stimulation
Refractory period
47
Pressure sensitive nerve endings in the walls of the atria and major blood vessels
Baroteceptors
48
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each minute
Cardiac output
49
Normal cardiac output ranges
4to8L/min
50
The amount of blood pumped per contraction of the heart
Stroke volume
51
Thready pulse & decreased BP =
S&S of shock
52
The use of accessory muscles (neck or abdominal muscles) during respiration is an indication
The client is having difficulty breathing
53
Measures the pressure of blood in arteries
BP
54
A cardiac monitor reveals the hearts __ but not its __\ activity
Electrical Mechanical
55
Observed continuously with bedside cardiac monitoring
The electrical activity that produces the heart rhythm
56
Sends ECG information over radio waves to a monitor that is distant from the client
Cardiac telemetry
57
The closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves, heard loudest over the apex of the heart and occurs nearly simultaneous with the palpated pulse
S1
58
Closing over the aortic and pulmonic valves, heard loudest with the stethoscope in the aortic area(second intercostal space to the right of the sternum)
S2
59
A sound that follows S1 & S2
S3 heart sound or ventricular gallop
60
S3, normal in children, often is an indication of __ in an adult
Heart failure
61
Cyanosis can be detected by carefully noting color changes in the oral mucous membranes as well as in the
Lips, earlobes, skin & nail beds
62
Sparse hair growth on the legs & thick toe nails =
Poor circulation
63
JVD =
Right heart failure
64
If the left side of the heart fails to pump efficiently blood backs up into the
Pulmonary veins & lung tissue
65
With ___, auscultation reveals a crackling sound & possibly wheezes & gurgles. Wet lung sounds are accompanied by dyspnea & an effort to sit up to breathe
Left sided heart failure
66
When tissues and cells break down, are damaged, or die, large quantities of certain ___ are __ into three bloodstream.
Enzymes Released
67
Used to detect areas of myocardial damage
Radionuclide technetium-99m
68
Used to diagnose ischemic heart disease during a stress test
Radionuclide thallium-201
69
Medication used in prep for a cardiac MRI
Adenosine (Andenocard)
70
A radio plaque substance that fills hollow structures to help the provider observe the heart in real time
Contrast medium
71
Prep for a cardiac MRI includes
Starting IV infusions Medication such as adenosine(adenocard) & contrast medium
72
Uses ultra sound waves to determine the functioning of the left ventricle and to detect cardiac tumors, congenital defects & changes in the tissue layers of the heart
Echocardiography
73
The graphic recording of the electrical currents generated by the heart muscle
Electrocardiography
74
The test preformed during electrocardiography is called an
ECG
75
Holter monitoring, recording of an ambulatory clients cardiac rate a rhythm over 24 to 48 hrs as the client performs daily activities
Ambulatory ECG
76
Helps detect dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemia that occur sporadically during activity or rest
Ambulatory ECG
77
Also know as a stress test, the electrical activity of the heart is assessed with an ECG monitor while the client walks on a treadmill,pedals a stationary bike or climbs up & down stairs
Exercise electrocardiography
78
Diagnostic test performed in an operative setting. A long flexible catheter is inserted from a peripheral blood vessel in the groin, arm or neck into one of the great vessels then into the heart
Cardiac catherterization
79
Allergies to ask when getting cardiac catheter
Iodine Shellfish Radiographic dye Latex
80
A diagnostic procedure that involves instilling contrast medium into an artery
Arteriography
81
Indications of arterial occlusion from blood clot
Absent distal peripheral pulses Cool toes Pale or cyanotic arms & legs Rapid or irregular pulse rate

Med Surg 1 (19 decks)

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