Pharm 32 Flashcards by Brandie Alnobani

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending portion of the loop of henle

Loop diuretics

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Loop diuretics (potassium wasting)
SATA 3

Bumetanide (Bumex)
Furosemide(Lasix)
Torsemide

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Thiazides & related diuretics (3)

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone

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Diuretics that will cause potassium to be excreted in urine causing client to become Hypokalemic

Loop & thiazides

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Reduce secretion of potassium from kidney

Potassium sparing

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Increase density of filtrate in glomerulus, this prevents selective reabsorption of water & passes out as urine

Osmotic

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Sulfonamides with out bacterioststic action that inhibit carbonic anhydrase

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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Carbonic anhydrase excretes
SATA 4

Sodium
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Water

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Thiazide and loop precautions
SATA 3

Gout
Liver disease
Diabetes

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Diuretic contraindications
SATA 4

Sensitivity to drug
Electrolyte imbalances
Severe liver or kidney dysfunction
Anuria

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NSAIDS
SATA 9

Ibuprofen (advil,Motrin)
Ketorolac
Meloxicam
Naproxen(aleve,naprosyn)
Tolmetin

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Salicylates
SATA 7

Asprin(acetylsalicylic acid)
Bayer
Ecotrin
Bufferin
Diflunisal
Magnesium salicylate

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Food with highest potassium
SATA 11

White beans
Dark leafy greens
Dried apricots
Salmon
Bananas
Oranges
Nectarines
Peaches
Apricots
Brussels sprouts
Asparagus

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Potassium sparing diuretics (potassium saving)
Generic & trade

Spirinolactone (aldactone)

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Osmotic diuretics
Generic & trade

Mannitol (osmitrol)

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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
1

Acetazolamide

Hyperkalemia most likely in (5)

Inadequate fluid intake & output
Diabetes
Renal disease
Older adults
Severely ill

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) is contraindicated in

Clients w active intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy)

Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in clients with

Hyperkalemia & not recommended for peds

Loop diuretics taken with aminoglycosides (-mycin)

Increase risk of ototoxicity and neurotoxicity

Loop diuretics with hydantoins (Dilantin)

Decreased diuretic effectiveness

Loop diuretics with NSAIDS/salicylates

Decreased diuretic effectiveness

Potassium sparing diuretics with ACE inhibitors (-prils)

Increased risk of hyperkalemia

Thiazides with antidiabetic

Hyperglycemia - monitor glucose!

If issue maintaining potassium, may use these diuretics

Potassium-sparing (spironolactone,aldactone) Osmotic diuretics (mannitol,osmitrol) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Acetazolamide)

Normal sodium level

132-145

Normal magnesium level

1.5-2.5

Normal potassium level

3.5-5

S&S of hypokalemia SATA 3

Anorexia Depression Drowsiness

S&S of hyperkalemia

Muscle cramps

S&S of hyponatremia (7)

Cold,clammy skin Decreased skin turgor Confusion Hypotension Irritability Tachycardia Dehydration

Most common adverse reaction associated with the administration of a diuretic

Loss of fluid & electrolytes especially during initial therapy

Warning signs of fluid & electrolyte imbalance (6)

Dry mouth Thirst Weakness Muscles pains/cramps Confusion Tachycardia

For clients who take potassium-sparing diuretics avoid (2)

Eating foods high in potassium Use of salt substitutes

For clients who take thiazide diuretics, these agents may cause

Gout attacks