Pharm 32 Flashcards
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending portion of the loop of henle
Loop diuretics
Loop diuretics (potassium wasting)
SATA 3
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Furosemide(Lasix)
Torsemide
Thiazides & related diuretics (3)
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone
Diuretics that will cause potassium to be excreted in urine causing client to become Hypokalemic
Loop & thiazides
Reduce secretion of potassium from kidney
Potassium sparing
Increase density of filtrate in glomerulus, this prevents selective reabsorption of water & passes out as urine
Osmotic
Sulfonamides with out bacterioststic action that inhibit carbonic anhydrase
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase excretes
SATA 4
Sodium
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Water
Thiazide and loop precautions
SATA 3
Gout
Liver disease
Diabetes
Diuretic contraindications
SATA 4
Sensitivity to drug
Electrolyte imbalances
Severe liver or kidney dysfunction
Anuria
NSAIDS
SATA 9
Ibuprofen (advil,Motrin)
Ketorolac
Meloxicam
Naproxen(aleve,naprosyn)
Tolmetin
Salicylates
SATA 7
Asprin(acetylsalicylic acid)
Bayer
Ecotrin
Bufferin
Diflunisal
Magnesium salicylate
Food with highest potassium
SATA 11
White beans
Dark leafy greens
Dried apricots
Salmon
Bananas
Oranges
Nectarines
Peaches
Apricots
Brussels sprouts
Asparagus
Potassium sparing diuretics (potassium saving)
Generic & trade
Spirinolactone (aldactone)
Osmotic diuretics
Generic & trade
Mannitol (osmitrol)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
1
Acetazolamide
Hyperkalemia most likely in (5)
Inadequate fluid intake & output
Diabetes
Renal disease
Older adults
Severely ill
Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) is contraindicated in
Clients w active intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy)
Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in clients with
Hyperkalemia & not recommended for peds
Loop diuretics taken with aminoglycosides (-mycin)
Increase risk of ototoxicity and neurotoxicity
Loop diuretics with hydantoins (Dilantin)
Decreased diuretic effectiveness
Loop diuretics with NSAIDS/salicylates
Decreased diuretic effectiveness
Potassium sparing diuretics with ACE inhibitors (-prils)
Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Thiazides with antidiabetic
Hyperglycemia - monitor glucose!
If issue maintaining potassium, may use these diuretics
Potassium-sparing (spironolactone,aldactone)
Osmotic diuretics
(mannitol,osmitrol)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(Acetazolamide)
Normal sodium level
132-145
Normal magnesium level
1.5-2.5
Normal potassium level
3.5-5
S&S of hypokalemia
SATA 3
Anorexia
Depression
Drowsiness
S&S of hyperkalemia
Muscle cramps
S&S of hyponatremia (7)
Cold,clammy skin
Decreased skin turgor
Confusion
Hypotension
Irritability
Tachycardia
Dehydration
Most common adverse reaction associated with the administration of a diuretic
Loss of fluid & electrolytes especially during initial therapy
Warning signs of fluid & electrolyte imbalance (6)
Dry mouth
Thirst
Weakness
Muscles pains/cramps
Confusion
Tachycardia
For clients who take potassium-sparing diuretics avoid (2)
Eating foods high in potassium
Use of salt substitutes
For clients who take thiazide diuretics, these agents may cause
Gout attacks
