Chapter 44

Question 1

3 sections of GI system

Answer 1

Upper GI tract
Small intestine (middle portion)
Lower GI tract

Question 2

Begins at the mouth and ends at the pyloric sphincter

Answer 2

Upper GI tract

Question 3

Three subdivisions of the small intestine

Answer 3

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 4

Begins at the cecum & ends at the anus

Answer 4

Lower GI tract

Question 5

Accessory structures (4)

Answer 5

Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 6

Primary functions of the GI tract

Answer 6

Digestion
Distribution of food

Question 7

Begins at the base of the pharynx behind the trachea and ends at the opening of the stomach

Answer 7

Esophagus

Question 8

Coordinated movement of muscle layers propels food from the pharynx into the stomach, these wavelike contractions are known as

Answer 8

Peristalsis

Question 9

Located on the left side of the abdomen, temporarily holds ingested foods and prepares it by mechanical and chemical action to pass in semiliquid form into the small intestine

Answer 9

Stomach

Question 10

The opening between the esophagus and stomach

Answer 10

Lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter

Question 11

The opening between the stomach and duodenum

Answer 11

Pyloric sphincter

Question 12

Primary function is to absorb nutrients from chyme

Answer 12

Small intestine

Question 13

A fluid synthesized by the liver, breaks down fats (lipids)

Answer 13

Bile

Question 14

Absorbed water, some electrolytes, vitamin K & bile acids

Answer 14

Large intestine

Question 15

Structures that make up the large intestine through which fecal material passes

Answer 15

Cecum, colon, rectum & anal canal

Question 16

A pouch like structure at the beginning of the large intestine

Answer 16

Cecum

Question 17

Site of absorption for water and electrolytes

Answer 17

Mainly small bowel

Question 18

Site of absorption for B12

Answer 18

Ileum (requires intrinsic factor)

Question 19

Membrane that lines the inner abdomen, enclosed the viscera and the serous fluids that it secrets, it allows the abdominal organs to move w out creating friction

Answer 19

Peritoneum

Question 20

Forms and releases bile, processes vitamins, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, stores glycogen, CONTRIBUTES TO BLOOD COAGULATION, metabolizes and biotransforms many chemicals

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Causes bile to be released

Answer 21

Gallbladder

Question 22

AIDS in the absorption of fats, fat soluble vitamins, iron & calcium

Answer 22

Gallbladder

Question 23

Produces the hormones insulin and glucagon

Answer 23

Pancreas as an endocrine organ

Question 24

Produces various protein, fat & carbohydrate digesting enzymes

Answer 24

Pancreas as an exocrine organ

Question 25

This test diagnoses structural abnormalities in the esophagus

Answer 25

Barium swallow or upper GI series

Question 26

Can be used to identify stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct and tumors or other obstructions

Answer 26

Cholecystography

Question 27

Determines the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate and store a dye like, iodine based radiopaque contrast medium

Answer 27

Cholecystography

Question 28

Determines the patency of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder

Answer 28

Cholangiography

Question 29

A direct visual exam of the lumen of the GI tract. It facilitates evaluation of the appearance and integrity of the GI mucosa and detect lesions

Answer 29

GI endoscopy

Question 30

Exam of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum through an endoscope advanced orally to inspect, treat or obtain specimens from any one or all of the upper GI structures

Answer 30

EGD