Chapter 44 Flashcards
3 sections of GI system
Upper GI tract
Small intestine (middle portion)
Lower GI tract
Begins at the mouth and ends at the pyloric sphincter
Upper GI tract
Three subdivisions of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Begins at the cecum & ends at the anus
Lower GI tract
Accessory structures (4)
Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Primary functions of the GI tract
Digestion
Distribution of food
Begins at the base of the pharynx behind the trachea and ends at the opening of the stomach
Esophagus
Coordinated movement of muscle layers propels food from the pharynx into the stomach, these wavelike contractions are known as
Peristalsis
Located on the left side of the abdomen, temporarily holds ingested foods and prepares it by mechanical and chemical action to pass in semiliquid form into the small intestine
Stomach
The opening between the esophagus and stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
The opening between the stomach and duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
Primary function is to absorb nutrients from chyme
Small intestine
A fluid synthesized by the liver, breaks down fats (lipids)
Bile
Absorbed water, some electrolytes, vitamin K & bile acids
Large intestine
Structures that make up the large intestine through which fecal material passes
Cecum, colon, rectum & anal canal
A pouch like structure at the beginning of the large intestine
Cecum
Site of absorption for water and electrolytes
Mainly small bowel
Site of absorption for B12
Ileum (requires intrinsic factor)
Membrane that lines the inner abdomen, enclosed the viscera and the serous fluids that it secrets, it allows the abdominal organs to move w out creating friction
Peritoneum
Forms and releases bile, processes vitamins, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, stores glycogen, CONTRIBUTES TO BLOOD COAGULATION, metabolizes and biotransforms many chemicals
Liver
Causes bile to be released
Gallbladder
AIDS in the absorption of fats, fat soluble vitamins, iron & calcium
Gallbladder
Produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
Pancreas as an endocrine organ
Produces various protein, fat & carbohydrate digesting enzymes
Pancreas as an exocrine organ
This test diagnoses structural abnormalities in the esophagus
Barium swallow or upper GI series
Can be used to identify stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct and tumors or other obstructions
Cholecystography
Determines the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate and store a dye like, iodine based radiopaque contrast medium
Cholecystography
Determines the patency of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder
Cholangiography
A direct visual exam of the lumen of the GI tract. It facilitates evaluation of the appearance and integrity of the GI mucosa and detect lesions
GI endoscopy
Exam of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum through an endoscope advanced orally to inspect, treat or obtain specimens from any one or all of the upper GI structures
EGD
