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Med Surg 1 > Ch.30 > Flashcards

Ch.30 Flashcards

1
Q

The manufacture and development of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Lymphatic system includes __ and ___

A

Thymus gland
Spleen

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3
Q

This system assists in the maturation of certain lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic system

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4
Q

Specific types of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes

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5
Q

The soft tissue that fills spaces in the interior of the long bones and spongy bones of the skeleton

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

Found in the ribs, sternum, skull, clavicles, vertebrae, proximal ends of long bones and iliac crest

A

Red marrow

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7
Q

Manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin

A

Red marrow

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8
Q

Consists of fat cells and connective tissue

A

Yellow marrow

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9
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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10
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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11
Q

Help control bleeding by forming a loose blood clot

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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12
Q

Flexible, nuclear, bioncave disks covered by a thin membrane through which oxygen and carbon dioxide pass freely

A

Erythrocytes

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13
Q

The flexibility of ___ allows them to change shape as they travel through capillaries

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

Erythrocytes main function

A

Transport O2 and remove CO2 from the tissues

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15
Q

Productions of erythrocytes is called

A

Erythropoiesis

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16
Q

A hormone released by the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

The rate of erythrocyte production is regulated by

A

Erythropoietin

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18
Q

Immature erythrocytes are known as

A

Erythroblasts

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19
Q

Basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin

A

Iron

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20
Q

Enhances the absorption of folic acid and iron

A

Vitamin C

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21
Q

Serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation

A

Vitamin B6

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22
Q

Involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma

A

Copper (minute amount)

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23
Q

Protects blood cells from vitamin E-deficient hemolytic anemia

A

Vitamin E

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24
Q

Decrease in RBCs =

A

Elevated heart rate

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25
Q

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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26
Q

Protect against infection

A

Leukocytes (WBCs)

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27
Q

Participate in clotting blood

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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28
Q

Affects intravascular osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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29
Q

The red color of blood is the result of

A

Hemoglobin

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30
Q

An iron-containing pigment attached to erythrocytes

A

Hemoglobin

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31
Q

The oxygen saturated hemoglobin is called

A

Oxygemoglobin

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32
Q

Circulates through arteries, arterioles and capillaries to all body cells

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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33
Q

Normal range of hemoglobin

A

12.p to 17.4 g/dL

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34
Q

Erythrocytes circulate in the blood about how many days

A

120 days

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35
Q

What removes erythrocytes

A

Spleen

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36
Q

What removes severely damaged erythrocytes

A

The liver

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37
Q

Engulf invading microorganisms and cellular debris and manufacturing antibodies

A

Leukocytes

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38
Q

Normal range of leukocytes

A

5,000 to 10,000 mm3

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39
Q

An increased number of leukocytes is called

A

Leukocytosis

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40
Q

A decrease number of leukocytes is called

A

Leukopenia

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41
Q

The lifespan of leukocytes is

A

1 to 2 days

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42
Q

2 categories of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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43
Q

1 subgroup of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils

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44
Q

Major component of the inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infection

A

Neutrophils

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45
Q

Most abundant WBC

A

Neutrophils

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46
Q

Neutrophils are also called

A

Microphages

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47
Q

The ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign substances

A

Phagocytosis

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48
Q

Neutrophils protect the body by

A

Phagocytosis

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49
Q

Active in an ALLERGIC contact dermatitis (immediate hypersensitivity- anaphylactic) and some delayed hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophils

50
Q

Phagocytize (destroy) foreign material

A

Eosinophils

51
Q

Their numbers increase in allergies, some dermatologic disorders and parasitic infections (seasonal allergies)

A

Eosinophils

52
Q

2 agranulocytes

A

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes

53
Q

Produce antibodies against foreign antigens

A

B lymphocytes

54
Q

Interact with foreign cells and release a substance called lymphokine

A

T lymphocytes

55
Q

Enhances the actions of phagocytic (eating of cells) cells

A

Lymphokine

56
Q

Disklike, nonnucleated cell fragments with a life span of approximately 7.5 days

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

57
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

7.5 days

58
Q

Where are platelets (thrombocytes) manufactured

A

In the red bone marrow

59
Q

Normal platelet range

A

150,000 to 350,000 mm3

60
Q

Approximately ____ of the total platelets circulate in the blood and contribute to ___

A

2/3
Hemostasis

61
Q

The control of bleeding

A

Hemostasis

62
Q

When a blood vessel is injured ___ migrate to the injury site & release a substance known as

A

Platelets
Glycoprotien

63
Q

Causes platelets to adhere (platelet aggregation) and form a plug, or clot, that occludes the injured vessel

A

Glycoprotein

64
Q

Lower platelet count =

A

Higher risk for bleeding

65
Q

Higher platelet count =

A

Higher risk of blood clot

66
Q

The liquid, or serum, portion of blood

A

Plasma

67
Q

What % of plasma is water

A

90%

68
Q

What % of plasma is proteins

A

10%

69
Q

Plasma Protein which is formed in the liver

A

Albumin

70
Q

Helps maintain the osmotic pressure that retains fluid in the vascular compartment

A

Albumin

71
Q

Gamma globulins are also called

A

Immunoglobulin

72
Q

Function primarily as immunologic agents, they prevent or modify some types of infections diseases

A

Globulins

73
Q

Plays a key roll in forming blood clots

A

Fibrinogen

74
Q

It can be TRANSFORMED from a LIQUID to FIBRIN, a SOLID that controls bleeding

A

Fibrinogen

75
Q

Glue like substance that helps control bleeding

A

Fibrinogen

76
Q

Immunoglobulins in plasma that inactivate any substance that is nonself, react with incompatible RBC antigens

A

Antibodies

77
Q

Specific protein ok the RBC membrane

A

Rh factor

78
Q

If the protein is present the person is ___ if the protein is absent the person is ___

A

Rh positive
Rh negative

79
Q

Donor & recipient blood are considered compatible if there is no ___ when both samples are mixed in the lab

A

Hemolysis

80
Q

Destruction of erythrocytes

A

Hemolysis

81
Q

Lymphatic system includes

A

Thymus gland, spleen and lymphatic vessels (lymph nodes and lymph)

82
Q

This system of ___ circulates interstitial fluid and carries it to the veins

A

Lymphatics

83
Q

The lymphatic system ___ and __ pathogens and removed other potentially harmful substances

A

Filters
Destroys

84
Q

The ___ is lymphoid tissue

A

Thymus gland

85
Q

Once the undifferentiated cells migrate to the ___, they develop into ___

A

Thymus
T lymphocytes

86
Q

Thymus derived

A

T lymphocytes

87
Q

The largest lymphatic structure

A

Spleen

88
Q

Lies in the abdomen beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach

A

Spleen

89
Q

A reservoir of blood and contains phagocytes that engulf damaged erythrocytes and foreign substances

A

Spleen

90
Q

Glandular tissue along the lymphatic network.

A

Lymph nodes

91
Q

Where are lymph nodes clustered

A

Axilla, groin, neck and large vessels of the thorax and abdomen

92
Q

Lymph flows through

A

Lymphatic ducts

93
Q

What connects nodes

A

Lymphatic ducts

94
Q

A fluid with a composition similar to plasma

A

Lymph

95
Q

As lymph passes through the node, ___ attack and engulf foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses, abnormal body cells, and other debris

A

Macrophages

96
Q

The nurse obtains a __ because compromised ___ interferes with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin

A

Dietary history
Nutrition

97
Q

The drug ___ can be used to stimulate the production of RBCs

A

Alfa (Epogen)

98
Q

The nurse also asks about ___ to countries where ___ or ___ are common

A

Foreign travel
Malaria
Parasitic roundworms

99
Q

The agent that causes malaria following the bite of an infected (female) mosquito invades ___ and causes ___

A

Erythrocytes
Anemia

100
Q

Tonsils are visible

A

1

101
Q

Tonsils extended medially toward the uvula

A

2

102
Q

Tonsils touch the uvula

A

3

103
Q

Tonsils touch each other

A

4

104
Q

___ ____ on the surface if the tonsils suggests tonsillitis

A

Purulent exudate

105
Q

Diagnostic test for clots

A

D-dimer test

106
Q

Diagnostic test performed to determine the status of blood cell formation

A

Bone marrow aspiration

107
Q

The primary provider applies ___ ___ and removes bone marrow from the ___ ___ ___ or the ____

A

Local anesthesia
Posterior iliac crest
Sternum

108
Q

The marrow is examined for the types & percentage of ___ and ___ blood cells

A

Immature
Maturing

109
Q

The _____ is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration because no vital organs or blood vessels are nearby

A

Posterior superior iliac crest

110
Q

Position client on their ___ or ___ to facilitate access to the aspiration site

A

Back
Side

111
Q

Bone marrow aspiration takes approximately ___

A

20 minutes

112
Q

Apply ___ followed by a ___ to the site after the needle has been withdrawn

A

Direct pressure
Pressure dressing

113
Q

With a bone marrow aspiration the client is at high risk of __

A

Bleeding

114
Q

Instruct client to lie on ___ for at least ___ minutes or longer

A

Side
10

115
Q

Limit the clients ___ for approximately ___ mins after the procedure

A

Activity
30

116
Q

Limiting the activity of a client with bone marrow aspiration for at least 30 minutes helps ___

A

Control bleeding

117
Q

MONITOR THE ___ FREQUENTLY for continued bleeding; ____ or ____ the dressing as needed

A

Puncture site
Change
Reinforce

118
Q

A schilling test is used to determine the etiology of vitamin ___ causing ____

A

B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia

119
Q

Before any diagnostic testing, the nurse determines the clients ____ and offers a ____ of the test routine, what ____ to participate in the test, and any potential for ____

A

Knowledge of procedure
Description
Tasks are necessary
Discomfort

120
Q

The nurse ___ when collecting specimens. After collection, they ___ the specimen for the ___ and ___ take it to the lab

A

Wears gloves
Check
Correct label
Immediately

Med Surg 1 (19 decks)

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