Ch.30 Flashcards
1
Q
The manufacture and development of blood cells
A
Hematopoiesis
2
Q
Lymphatic system includes __ and ___
A
Thymus gland
Spleen
3
Q
This system assists in the maturation of certain lymphocytes
A
Lymphatic system
4
Q
Specific types of white blood cells
A
Lymphocytes
5
Q
The soft tissue that fills spaces in the interior of the long bones and spongy bones of the skeleton
A
Bone marrow
6
Q
Found in the ribs, sternum, skull, clavicles, vertebrae, proximal ends of long bones and iliac crest
A
Red marrow
7
Q
Manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin
A
Red marrow
8
Q
Consists of fat cells and connective tissue
A
Yellow marrow
9
Q
Red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes
10
Q
White blood cells
A
Leukocytes
11
Q
Help control bleeding by forming a loose blood clot
A
Platelets (thrombocytes)
12
Q
Flexible, nuclear, bioncave disks covered by a thin membrane through which oxygen and carbon dioxide pass freely
A
Erythrocytes
13
Q
The flexibility of ___ allows them to change shape as they travel through capillaries
A
Erythrocytes
14
Q
Erythrocytes main function
A
Transport O2 and remove CO2 from the tissues
15
Q
Productions of erythrocytes is called
A
Erythropoiesis
16
Q
A hormone released by the kidneys
A
Erythropoietin
17
Q
The rate of erythrocyte production is regulated by
A
Erythropoietin
18
Q
Immature erythrocytes are known as
A
Erythroblasts
19
Q
Basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin
A
Iron
20
Q
Enhances the absorption of folic acid and iron
A
Vitamin C
21
Q
Serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation
A
Vitamin B6
22
Q
Involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma
A
Copper (minute amount)
23
Q
Protects blood cells from vitamin E-deficient hemolytic anemia
A
Vitamin E
24
Q
Decrease in RBCs =
A
Elevated heart rate
25
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
26
Protect against infection
Leukocytes (WBCs)
27
Participate in clotting blood
Platelets (thrombocytes)
28
Affects intravascular osmotic pressure
Albumin
29
The red color of blood is the result of
Hemoglobin
30
An iron-containing pigment attached to erythrocytes
Hemoglobin
31
The oxygen saturated hemoglobin is called
Oxygemoglobin
32
Circulates through arteries, arterioles and capillaries to all body cells
Oxyhemoglobin
33
Normal range of hemoglobin
12.p to 17.4 g/dL
34
Erythrocytes circulate in the blood about how many days
120 days
35
What removes erythrocytes
Spleen
36
What removes severely damaged erythrocytes
The liver
37
Engulf invading microorganisms and cellular debris and manufacturing antibodies
Leukocytes
38
Normal range of leukocytes
5,000 to 10,000 mm3
39
An increased number of leukocytes is called
Leukocytosis
40
A decrease number of leukocytes is called
Leukopenia
41
The lifespan of leukocytes is
1 to 2 days
42
2 categories of leukocytes
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
43
1 subgroup of granulocytes
Neutrophils
44
Major component of the inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infection
Neutrophils
45
Most abundant WBC
Neutrophils
46
Neutrophils are also called
Microphages
47
The ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign substances
Phagocytosis
48
Neutrophils protect the body by
Phagocytosis
49
Active in an ALLERGIC contact dermatitis (immediate hypersensitivity- anaphylactic) and some delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Basophils
50
Phagocytize (destroy) foreign material
Eosinophils
51
Their numbers increase in allergies, some dermatologic disorders and parasitic infections (seasonal allergies)
Eosinophils
52
2 agranulocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
53
Produce antibodies against foreign antigens
B lymphocytes
54
Interact with foreign cells and release a substance called lymphokine
T lymphocytes
55
Enhances the actions of phagocytic (eating of cells) cells
Lymphokine
56
Disklike, nonnucleated cell fragments with a life span of approximately 7.5 days
Platelets (thrombocytes)
57
What is the lifespan of platelets (thrombocytes)
7.5 days
58
Where are platelets (thrombocytes) manufactured
In the red bone marrow
59
Normal platelet range
150,000 to 350,000 mm3
60
Approximately ____ of the total platelets circulate in the blood and contribute to ___
2/3
Hemostasis
61
The control of bleeding
Hemostasis
62
When a blood vessel is injured ___ migrate to the injury site & release a substance known as
Platelets
Glycoprotien
63
Causes platelets to adhere (platelet aggregation) and form a plug, or clot, that occludes the injured vessel
Glycoprotein
64
Lower platelet count =
Higher risk for bleeding
65
Higher platelet count =
Higher risk of blood clot
66
The liquid, or serum, portion of blood
Plasma
67
What % of plasma is water
90%
68
What % of plasma is proteins
10%
69
Plasma Protein which is formed in the liver
Albumin
70
Helps maintain the osmotic pressure that retains fluid in the vascular compartment
Albumin
71
Gamma globulins are also called
Immunoglobulin
72
Function primarily as immunologic agents, they prevent or modify some types of infections diseases
Globulins
73
Plays a key roll in forming blood clots
Fibrinogen
74
It can be TRANSFORMED from a LIQUID to FIBRIN, a SOLID that controls bleeding
Fibrinogen
75
Glue like substance that helps control bleeding
Fibrinogen
76
Immunoglobulins in plasma that inactivate any substance that is nonself, react with incompatible RBC antigens
Antibodies
77
Specific protein ok the RBC membrane
Rh factor
78
If the protein is present the person is ___ if the protein is absent the person is ___
Rh positive
Rh negative
79
Donor & recipient blood are considered compatible if there is no ___ when both samples are mixed in the lab
Hemolysis
80
Destruction of erythrocytes
Hemolysis
81
Lymphatic system includes
Thymus gland, spleen and lymphatic vessels (lymph nodes and lymph)
82
This system of ___ circulates interstitial fluid and carries it to the veins
Lymphatics
83
The lymphatic system ___ and __ pathogens and removed other potentially harmful substances
Filters
Destroys
84
The ___ is lymphoid tissue
Thymus gland
85
Once the undifferentiated cells migrate to the ___, they develop into ___
Thymus
T lymphocytes
86
Thymus derived
T lymphocytes
87
The largest lymphatic structure
Spleen
88
Lies in the abdomen beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach
Spleen
89
A reservoir of blood and contains phagocytes that engulf damaged erythrocytes and foreign substances
Spleen
90
Glandular tissue along the lymphatic network.
Lymph nodes
91
Where are lymph nodes clustered
Axilla, groin, neck and large vessels of the thorax and abdomen
92
Lymph flows through
Lymphatic ducts
93
What connects nodes
Lymphatic ducts
94
A fluid with a composition similar to plasma
Lymph
95
As lymph passes through the node, ___ attack and engulf foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses, abnormal body cells, and other debris
Macrophages
96
The nurse obtains a __ because compromised ___ interferes with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin
Dietary history
Nutrition
97
The drug ___ can be used to stimulate the production of RBCs
Alfa (Epogen)
98
The nurse also asks about ___ to countries where ___ or ___ are common
Foreign travel
Malaria
Parasitic roundworms
99
The agent that causes malaria following the bite of an infected (female) mosquito invades ___ and causes ___
Erythrocytes
Anemia
100
Tonsils are visible
1
101
Tonsils extended medially toward the uvula
2
102
Tonsils touch the uvula
3
103
Tonsils touch each other
4
104
___ ____ on the surface if the tonsils suggests tonsillitis
Purulent exudate
105
Diagnostic test for clots
D-dimer test
106
Diagnostic test performed to determine the status of blood cell formation
Bone marrow aspiration
107
The primary provider applies ___ ___ and removes bone marrow from the ___ ___ ___ or the ____
Local anesthesia
Posterior iliac crest
Sternum
108
The marrow is examined for the types & percentage of ___ and ___ blood cells
Immature
Maturing
109
The _____ is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration because no vital organs or blood vessels are nearby
Posterior superior iliac crest
110
Position client on their ___ or ___ to facilitate access to the aspiration site
Back
Side
111
Bone marrow aspiration takes approximately ___
20 minutes
112
Apply ___ followed by a ___ to the site after the needle has been withdrawn
Direct pressure
Pressure dressing
113
With a bone marrow aspiration the client is at high risk of __
Bleeding
114
Instruct client to lie on ___ for at least ___ minutes or longer
Side
10
115
Limit the clients ___ for approximately ___ mins after the procedure
Activity
30
116
Limiting the activity of a client with bone marrow aspiration for at least 30 minutes helps ___
Control bleeding
117
MONITOR THE ___ FREQUENTLY for continued bleeding; ____ or ____ the dressing as needed
Puncture site
Change
Reinforce
118
A schilling test is used to determine the etiology of vitamin ___ causing ____
B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
119
Before any diagnostic testing, the nurse determines the clients ____ and offers a ____ of the test routine, what ____ to participate in the test, and any potential for ____
Knowledge of procedure
Description
Tasks are necessary
Discomfort
120
The nurse ___ when collecting specimens. After collection, they ___ the specimen for the ___ and ___ take it to the lab
Wears gloves
Check
Correct label
Immediately
