Ch 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Technique for mechanically circulating and oxygenating blood outside the body

A

Extracorporeal circulation or cardiopulmonary bypass

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2
Q

Surgical techniques that improved the delivery of oxygenated blood to the myocardium for clients who have coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Myocardial revascularization

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3
Q

Surgery improves myocardial oxygenation by bypassing or detouring around the occluded portion of one or more coronary arteries with a relocated blood vessel

A

Coronary artery bypass

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4
Q

A coronary artery bypass is performed when
SATA (3)

A

-The client has multiple coronary artery occlusions
-The anatomic location of the occlusion interferes with the safe insertion of a coronary artery catheter
-The heart cannot be repaired

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5
Q

Disadvantages of cardiopulmonary bypass

A

Necessity for anticoagulation
Risk for stroke, arrhythmias, and renal failure

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6
Q

Alternative harvesting vessels for grafting include the following SATA (4)

A

-the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest
-the basilic and cephalic veins in the arm
-the radial artery in the arm
-the gastroepiploic artery from the stomach

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7
Q

Does not involve the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. Surgeon keeps heart beating at slow rated (40) with drugs

A

Off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)

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8
Q

Drugs used during OPCAB

A

Adenosine (Adenocard)
Esmolol (Brevibloc)

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9
Q

Opening adhesions in the valve cusps, which is done without direct visualization of the valve

A

Commissurotomy

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10
Q

Valve repair

A

Valvuloplasty

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11
Q

Repair of the fibrous ring that encircles the valve

A

Annuloplasty

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12
Q

Procedures that surgically tighten an incompetent valve

A

Valvuloplasty
Annuloplasty

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13
Q

Disadvantages of mechanic heart valves

A

Risk for thrombi and emboli
Anticoagulation necessary
Risk for bleeding

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14
Q

Types of heart valves

A

Mechanical
Allograft(homograft)

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15
Q

Compression of the heart with accumulating blood

A

Cardiac tamponade

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16
Q

Adults, heart transplantation is indicated for

A

Cardiomyopathy
End stage CAD
End stage HF

17
Q

Newborns & infants, heart transplantation is indicated for

A

Several congenital cardiac defect
Performed only when other treatment modalities fail or are unavailable

18
Q

Central venous pressure

A

Right atrial pressure
The pressure produced by venous blood in the right atrium

19
Q

Most common artery used in placement of direct BP monitoring

A

Radial artery

20
Q

Occurs within a few minutes of the transplant when the donor organ and recipient are extremely mismatched

A

Hyperacute rejection

21
Q

Occurs from 1 week to 3 months after the transplant; almost all transplant recipients experience to some degree

A

Acute rejection

22
Q

May occur anytime over the remaining lifetime of a recipient, causing varying degrees of damage to the donor heart

A

Chronic rejection

23
Q

The transplanted heart beats faster than the clients natural heart (100-110) because the nerves that affect the HR have been severed

A

Cardiovascular disease

24
Q

Resection and removal of the lining of an artery

A

Endarterectomy

25
Endarterectomy performed to remove obstructive atherosclerotic plaques from
Aorta Carotid Femoral Popliteal arteries
26
When thrombi or emboli occlude a major vessel a __ is performed
Thromboectomy or embolectomy
27
Direct BP monitoring may be used in clients with
Severe and sustained hypertension or hypotension and during and after cardiac surgery
28
Retrograde pressure from the fluid on the left side of the heart at the end of left ventricular diastole
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure