Pesticides

Question 1

Chemical control is…
When can they be used in IPM?

Answer 1

The use of pesticides

In IPM, pesticides are used only when needed and in combination with other approaches for more effective, long-term control. They are selected and applied in a way that minimizes their possible harm to people and the environment

Question 2

What are the four ways to kill the insect?

Answer 2

1. Ingestion
2. Contact
3. inhalation
4. asphyxia

Question 3

When can we use stomach poisons?

Answer 3

Usually applied against chewing insect pests

Question 4

How do contact poisons work?

Answer 4

Enter body when insect walks over treated surfaces (may affect the sensory organs present in tarsi of legs) or by direct contact

Question 5

What are systemic poisons?

Answer 5

Chemicals that are applied, absorbed, and translocated in the plant, killing the insects that feed on the plant

Question 6

What is ache?

Answer 6

Ache is the enzyme that terminates the action of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine at nerve synapses.

Question 7

What are sodium channel modulators?

Answer 7

They keep sodium channels open, causing hyperexcitation and, in some cases, nerve block. sodium channels are involved in the propagation of action potentials along nerve axons.

Question 8

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR

Answer 8

causing a range of symptoms from hyper-excitatioon to lethargy and paralysis.

Question 9

Two consideration for Neonicotinoid pesticides

Answer 9

1. They are used globally
2. Increasing evidence for negative effects on bees

Question 10

Neonicotinoid pesticides history and use

Answer 10

In 2018 the European commission banned the use of them outdoors, however granted emergency exemptions and are still being used and harming bees. In 2023 the european high court banned the emergency exemptions of using them to treat seeds

Question 11

Are all pesticides synthetic?

Answer 11

No, natural compounds are allowed in organic farming

Question 12

What is PYRETHRUM?

Answer 12

A short lived natural pesticide. It is extracted from Chrysanthemum flowers

Question 13

What is AZADIRACHTIN?

Answer 13

Another natural pesticide extracted from the seeds of the neem tree

Question 14

What is BACILLUS THURINGENSIS?

Answer 14

A bacterial that produces insecticidal crystal toxins

Question 15

What is BEAUVERIA BASSIANA?

Answer 15

An entomopathogenic fungus. It grows throughout the insect body, killing it in 4-14 days