Antenna and Feeding

Question 1

What are the antenna?

Answer 1

Highly modified paired segmented sensory appendages

Question 2

What are the three main parts of the antenna?

Answer 2

1. Scape
2. the pedicel
3. flagellum (composed of many antennomeres)

Question 3

How do antennas move?

Answer 3

They are moved as a whole by muscles inserted on the base of the scape

Question 4

4 sensory functions of the antennas?

Answer 4

1. Touch
2. Humidity
3. Sound
4. Smell (for odor molecules)

Question 5

what are the two main functioning groups of insects in terms of feeding?

Answer 5

1. Mandibulate (Chewing)
2. Haustellate (sucking)

Question 6

What are the three types of Haustellates?

Answer 6

1. Piercing-sucking
2. Siphoning
3. Sponging

Question 7

Where do mandibulates get their name and are they considered evolved or primitive?

Answer 7

They get the name from their chewing mandibles and they are considered primitive

Question 8

Describe mandibles

Answer 8

Mandibles have overlapping edges that cut like scissors and have molar surfaces for grinding or crushing

Question 9

What are two types of plant damages caused by mandibulates?

Answer 9

1. Chewed leaves (usually with central holes between the leaf veins)
2. Leaf mining pattern (these are insects that feed under the surface usually in the epidermis of the leaf, producing tunneling patterns)

Question 10

Define a Haustellate?

Answer 10

They are considered to be more evolved (advanced) and have mouthparts that have become adapted for ingesting liquid or liquefied food.

Question 11

What are the five basic building blocks of an insects mouth that is common among mandibulates and haustellates?

Answer 11

1. Labrum
2. Mandibles
3. Maxillae
4. Hypopharynx
5. Labium

Question 12

How do sponging insects absorb their food?

Answer 12

At the distal end of the labium are large sponge like organs called labella. They are complex structures with grooves that sop up liquids like a sponge does

Question 13

How do sponging insects eat solid foods?

Answer 13

They regurgitate a droplet of digestive enzymes and then sponge up the liquefied, partially digested food

Question 14

Talk about insects that use siphoning and how it works

Answer 14

Adult butterflies and moths have mouthparts specialized for probing into a flower and sucking it out

Question 15

Piercing-sucking insects in zoophagous species, how do they eat??

Answer 15

They have mouthparts that are highly modified to form a proboscis that is adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood. Female mosquitos can do this while males have similar mouthparts, but only feed on nectar

Question 16

Piercing-sucking insects that are herbivores, how do they differ?

Answer 16

They have one pair of mandibles and one pair of maxillae that fit together as to form two internal channels. When feeding the labium folds back to expose stylets: mandible stylets first then maxillae stylets

Question 17

What kind of plant tissue can they feed on?

Answer 17

There are xylem and phloem feeders as well as mesophyll suckers

Question 18

Types of symptoms from these types of feeders?

Answer 18

Snowflake and rash-like on the leaves