Monitoring and Choose Option

Question 1

Two types of Monitoring

Answer 1

1. Active
2. Passive

Question 2

Two types of Active Monitoring

Answer 2

1. Visual inspections and active sampling
2. Frappage (White sheet under a plant)

Question 3

What is utilized with passive monitoring and name three of them

Answer 3

Specific attractants
1. Pheromones (only for species utilizing chemical communication)
2. Colors (for species with well developed eyes)
3. Food Attractants

Question 4

What are some benefits of using pheromone attractants? (3)

Answer 4

1. Very good attractants
2. Is very specific
3. Usually non toxic to animals

Question 5

What is a pheromone trap?

Answer 5

A pheromone-impregnated lure, encased in a trap. They come in several designs and different colors can be used to make the trap more attractive

Question 6

What are Delta Traps?

Answer 6

They are triangle shaped cones that are also called winged traps. They have a sticky surface on the bottom with the impregnated pheromone and are mostly for Lepidopteran pests

Question 7

Rubber Septum Trap

Answer 7

It is loaded with a sex pheromone intended for the insect to try and mate with it

Question 8

What is a bucket trap

Answer 8

There is a pheromone umbrella which attracts insects, when they tire, they fall into the bucket and cannot get out

Question 9

Three other types of traps

Answer 9

1. aggregation traps
2. Food traps
3. Color traps

Question 10

Importance of data collection

Answer 10

We can see which insects are trapped and how many there are. We can also see which generation and flight periods. This information is essential in determining when and how often control actions should be planned

Question 11

What can we use when we’ve collected data?

Answer 11

Maps that can be applied in different ways showing different results around the vineyard

Question 12

What are the five options that we have in order to take action?

Answer 12

1. Biological control
2. Crop management
3. Physical control (make the environment unsuitable for pests)
4. Behavioral control
5. Chemical control

Question 13

What is known as distributing a large amount of synthetic sex pheromones in the field, aiming to prevent the male to find a female, disrupting mating.
Therefore, new pest generations do not occur on treated area.

Answer 13

Mating disruption

Question 14

Four ways in which mating disruption can work

Answer 14

1. males are attracted by false sources (false trail following)
2. males are unable to find true plumes (camouflage)
3. Synthetic pheromone alters the ratio of chemical components (no species recognition?)
4. Constant exposure to pheromone makes males unresponsive (desensitization)

Question 15

What is a dispenser?

Answer 15

Pheromones have been impregnated in rubber tubing, incorporated in plastic wafers, placed inside hollow fibers, etc…

Question 16

Sprayable Pheromones

Answer 16

The pheromone blends are encapsulated in microscopic polymer capsules and released slowly over time. It can be applied with standard spray equipment or by puffers

Question 17

What is Exosect

Answer 17

It is an autoconfusion, an Electrostatically charged micropowder that can be lured with pheromones