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Entomology > Basics, exoskeleton, and hairs > Flashcards

Basics, exoskeleton, and hairs Flashcards

1
Q

How many Kingdoms are there?

A

7

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2
Q

What are each of the 7 kingdoms?

A
  1. Plantae
  2. Animalia
  3. Fungi
  4. Protozoa
  5. Chromists
  6. eubacteria
  7. archae
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3
Q

Which classes do each of the kingdoms fall into?

A

Plantea, animalia, fungi, protozoa, and chromists fall into the category of eukarya

Archae are in the category of archae

and eubacteria are in the category of bacteria

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4
Q

Two categories of animalia

A
  1. vertebrates
  2. invertebrates
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5
Q

what is the significance of invertebrates?

A

Invertebrates are the phylum arthropoda which is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom

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6
Q

What class lies within the phylum arthropoda?

A

Class insecta

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7
Q

What are the four main characteristics of arthropoda?

A
  1. Jointed legs
  2. Body segmentation
  3. Exoskeleton
  4. Dorsal brain and a central nerve cord
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8
Q

How much of the kingdom of animalia is made up of insects?

A

Over 75%

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9
Q

7 ranks for the specificity pyramid what are they from least to most specific?

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
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10
Q

5 most familiar insect orders

A
  1. Hymenoptera (bees)
  2. Coleoptera (beetles)
  3. Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths)
  4. Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers)
  5. Diptera (flies, mosquitos)
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11
Q

what are the three body regions of insects and what are they each known for?

A
  1. Head (sensation, gestation)
  2. Thorax (locomotion)
  3. Abdomen (Food and fluid storage, egg development, ovipostion, sensation
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12
Q

What is the exoskeleton?

A

The body wall of the insect that is reinforced by a cuticle covering the outer surface.

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13
Q

3 main layers of the cuticle from outer to inner part of the insect

A
  1. Epicuticle
  2. Exocuticle
  3. Endocuticle
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14
Q

What lies below the cuticle?

A

The epidermis

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15
Q

What is the make up of the cuticle?

A

Non-cellular material containing mainly chitin

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16
Q

Make up and importance of the epidermis?

A

It is a single cell layer that secretes cuticle

17
Q

The outer most layer is called the … and is broken up into 5 layers, what are they?

A

epicuticle

The five layers are:
1. Cement layer
2. Wax layer
3. Outer epicuticle
4. Inner epicuticle
5. Exocuticle

18
Q

Importance of the wax layer?

A

It is the waterproof layer

19
Q

Importance of the cement layer

A

It is made of lipoproteins and is protective from external damages

20
Q

Importance of the pore canals

A

They run across the exoskeleton to let wax materials flow out

21
Q

Function of the epidermis

A

All epidermal cells have a glandular function as they secrete cuticle and also enzymes involved in its production and digestion

22
Q

What are the 7 main functions of the exoskeleton?

A
  1. Protection of internal organs
  2. Muscle attachment
  3. Water loss reduction
  4. Protection against injuries
  5. Metabolic reserve
  6. Color
  7. promotes pollination
23
Q

What are the two types of exoskeleton?

A
  1. Cellular
  2. Non-cellular
24
Q

Difference between cellular and non-cellular

A

Cellular are line by a layer of epidermal cells, while non-cellular are merely cuticular structures

25
Q

what is the importance of hairs?

A

Hairs can be linked to sensory nerves and can serve a sensory function

26
Q

Hairs can be blank or blank

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. chemoreceptors
27
Q

Differecne between mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

A

Mechanoreceptors are responsive to touch while chemoreceptors are responsive to chemicals, scents…

28
Q

In terms of caterpillars, describe the role that some of their hairs can take on

A

Instead of being hairs, they can be spines that are capable of containing and releasing venom

29
Q

What are lepidoptera wings covered with and what is their funtion?

A

They are covered in scales and this helps with thermoregulation.

30
Q

What is, in basic terms, moulting

A

The shedding of the old cuticle to produce a new body covering

Entomology (23 decks)

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