Basics, exoskeleton, and hairs Flashcards
How many Kingdoms are there?
7
What are each of the 7 kingdoms?
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Chromists
- eubacteria
- archae
Which classes do each of the kingdoms fall into?
Plantea, animalia, fungi, protozoa, and chromists fall into the category of eukarya
Archae are in the category of archae
and eubacteria are in the category of bacteria
Two categories of animalia
- vertebrates
- invertebrates
what is the significance of invertebrates?
Invertebrates are the phylum arthropoda which is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom
What class lies within the phylum arthropoda?
Class insecta
What are the four main characteristics of arthropoda?
- Jointed legs
- Body segmentation
- Exoskeleton
- Dorsal brain and a central nerve cord
How much of the kingdom of animalia is made up of insects?
Over 75%
7 ranks for the specificity pyramid what are they from least to most specific?
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
5 most familiar insect orders
- Hymenoptera (bees)
- Coleoptera (beetles)
- Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths)
- Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers)
- Diptera (flies, mosquitos)
what are the three body regions of insects and what are they each known for?
- Head (sensation, gestation)
- Thorax (locomotion)
- Abdomen (Food and fluid storage, egg development, ovipostion, sensation
What is the exoskeleton?
The body wall of the insect that is reinforced by a cuticle covering the outer surface.
3 main layers of the cuticle from outer to inner part of the insect
- Epicuticle
- Exocuticle
- Endocuticle
What lies below the cuticle?
The epidermis
What is the make up of the cuticle?
Non-cellular material containing mainly chitin
Make up and importance of the epidermis?
It is a single cell layer that secretes cuticle
The outer most layer is called the … and is broken up into 5 layers, what are they?
epicuticle
The five layers are:
1. Cement layer
2. Wax layer
3. Outer epicuticle
4. Inner epicuticle
5. Exocuticle
Importance of the wax layer?
It is the waterproof layer
Importance of the cement layer
It is made of lipoproteins and is protective from external damages
Importance of the pore canals
They run across the exoskeleton to let wax materials flow out
Function of the epidermis
All epidermal cells have a glandular function as they secrete cuticle and also enzymes involved in its production and digestion
What are the 7 main functions of the exoskeleton?
- Protection of internal organs
- Muscle attachment
- Water loss reduction
- Protection against injuries
- Metabolic reserve
- Color
- promotes pollination
What are the two types of exoskeleton?
- Cellular
- Non-cellular
Difference between cellular and non-cellular
Cellular are line by a layer of epidermal cells, while non-cellular are merely cuticular structures
