Personality Disorders Flashcards
General Personality Disorder
A: An enduring pattern of inner experience & behavior that deviates from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in 2 (or more) of the following areas:
1. Cognition-ways of perceiving & interpreting self, other people and events
2. Affectivity- the range, intensity, lability & appropriateness of emotional response
3. Interpersonal functioning
4. Impulse control
B: The enduring pattern is inflexible & pervasive across a broad range of personal & social situations
C: The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment
D: The pattern is stable & of long duration, its onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood
E: The enduring pattern is not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder
F: The enduring pattern is not due to effects of a substance or another medical condition
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
A: A pervasive distrust & suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:
1. Suspects, w/o sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her
2. Is preoccupied w/ unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
3. Is reluctant to confide in others b/c of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them
4. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
5. Persistently bears grudges
6. Perceives attacks on them or reputation that are not apparent to others & is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
7. Has recurrent suspicions, w/o justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
B: Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive episode w/ psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder & is not due to another medical condition
Note: if criteria met prior to onset of schizophrenia add premorbid
Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
A: A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships & a restricted range of expressions of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood, in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:
1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
2. Almost always choose solitary activities
3. Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences w/ another person
4. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
5. Lacks close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
6. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affectivity
B: Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder w/ psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or ASD and is not due to effects of another medical condition
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A)
A: A pervasive pattern of social & interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions & eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
1. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
2. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior & is inconsistent with subcultural norms (telepathy, 6th sense, in children & adolescents-bizarre fantasies)
3. Unusual perceptual emotions, including bodily illusions
4. Odd thinking & speech (vague, circumstantial, metaphorical etc)
5. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
6. Inappropriate or constricted affect
7. Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric or peculiar
8. Lack of close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
9. Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish w/ familiarity & tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgements about self
B: Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder w/ psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or ASD
Note: if criteria met prior to onset of schizophrenia add premorbid
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
A: A pervasive pattern of disregard for & violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15, as indicated by 3 (or more) of the following:
1. Failure to conform to social norms w/ respect to lawful behaviors, indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest
2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
4. Irritability & aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults
5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations
7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated or stolen
B: Must be 18
C: There is evidence of conduct disorder w/ onset before age 15
D: The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image & affects & marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment (not including suicidal or self-mutilating behavior)
2. A pattern of unstable & intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization & devaluation
3. Identity disturbance; markedly & persistently unstable self image or sense of self
4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that can be self damaging-spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving or binge eating)-not including suicidal or self-mutilating behavior
5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats or self mutilating
6. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood -usually lasting a few hours & only rarely more than a few days
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness
8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
9. Transient, stress related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative sx
Histrionic Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality & attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood & in a variety of contexts, indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
1. Is uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the center of attention
2. Interaction w/ others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior
3. Displays rapidly shifting & shallow expressions of emotions
4. Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
5. Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic & lacking in detail
6. Shows self-dramatization, theatricality & exaggerated expression of emotion
7. Is suggestible-easily influenced
8. Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Cluster B)
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, & lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance
2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love
3. Believes that they are “special” & unique & can only be understood by, or should associate with other special or high status people or institutions
4. Requires excess admiration
5. Has a sense of entitlement
6. Is interpersonally exploitative-takes advantage of others to achieve their own ends)
7. Lacks empathy; is unwilling to recognize or identify w/ the feelings & needs of others
8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them
9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder (Cluster C)
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy & hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:
1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact b/c of fears of criticism, disapproval or rejection
2. Is unwilling to get involved w/ people unless certain of being liked
3. Shows restraint within intimate relationships b/c of fear of being shamed or ridiculed
4. Is preoccupied w/ being criticized or rejected in social situations
5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations b/c of feelings of inadequacy
6. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others
7. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities b/c they may prove embarrassing
Dependent Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern & excessive need to be take care of that leads to submissive & clinging behavior & fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 5 (or more) of the following:
1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions w/o an excessive amount of advice & reassurance from others
2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of their life
3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement w/ others b/c of fear of loss of support or approval (do not include realistic fears of retribution)
4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things or their own due to lack of self confidence in judgement or abilities rather than lack of motivation or energy
5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance & support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant
6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone b/c of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for themselves
7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care & support when a close relationship ends
8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of themselves
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism and mental & interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood & present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:
1. Is preoccupied w/ details, rules, lists, order, organization or schedules to the extent that major point of activity is lost
2. Show perfectionism that interferes w/ task completion
3. Is excessively devoted to work & productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities & friendships(not due to obvious economic needs)
4. Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics or values
5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value
6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly their way of doing things
7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self & others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
8. Shows rigidity & stubbornness
