Personality Disorder Flashcards
FREUD’S STRUCTURAL MODEL OF PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality:
•Personality is composed of 3 elements.
•These 3 elements -known as the ______, the ______ & the ________ – work together to create complex human behaviors.
id; ego; superego
Freud’s structural model of personality
•The Id
–Only component of personality that is ______________.
–Entirely _________ & includes ______ & __________ behaviors.
–According to Freud, the id is the source of all ________ energy, making it the primary component of personality.
present from birth
unconscious; instinctive; primitive
psychic
Freud’s structural model of personality
•The Id
•Driven by the _______ principle, which strives for __________________ of all desires, wants, & needs.
____________________________ result in anxiety or tension.
•Very important early in life, because it ensures that an infant’s needs are met.
•However, immediately satisfying these needs is not always possible or realistic.
•If we were ruled entirely by the pleasure principle, we would demonstrate both disruptive & socially unacceptable behaviour.
•According to Freud, the id tries to resolve this tension from the pleasure principle through the “primary process”, which involves __________________ as a way of satisfying the need.
pleasure; immediate gratification
Needs not satisfied immediately
forming a mental image of the desired object
Freud’s structural model of personality
The Ego
•The component of personality responsible for _________________.
•According to Freud, the ego develops from __________ & ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner ___________________.
•The ego functions in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.
•The ego operates based on the ________ principle, which strives to satisfy the id’s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways.
dealing with reality
the id ; acceptable in the real world
reality
Freud’s structural model of personality
The EGO
•The tension from unmet impulses can be satisfied through:
delayed gratification– ???
The secondary process, ????
the ego will eventually allow the behavior, but only in the appropriate time and place.
in which the ego tries to find an object in the real world that matches the mental image created by the id’s primary process.
Freud’s structural model of personality
•The Superego
•_______ component of personality to develop.
•Aspect of personality that holds all our internalized moral standards & ideals acquired from both ________ and _______–our sense of _______ and ______.
•The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.
•Believed to emerge by age _____ years.
•The superego acts to perfect & civilize our behavior.
•Works to suppress all unacceptable urges of the id & struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards rather than on realistic principles.
Last
parents & society
right and wrong; 5
2 components to the Super Ego:
•The _________ includes rules & standards for good behaviours, including those approved of by parental & other authority figures. Obeying these rules leads to feelings of pride, value & accomplishment.
•The _________ includes information about things viewed as bad by parents & society. These behaviours are often forbidden & lead to bad consequences, punishments or feelings of guilt & remorse.
ego ideal
conscience
•EGO STRENGTH used by Freud to describe the individual’s ability to ____________________________________.
function despite conflicts between the id, ego & superego
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Level 1. Preconventional Morality
Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment –
–Earliest stage of moral development, especially common in young children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning.
–Children see rules as _____________________. ___________ is important because it is a means to ________________.
fixed and absolute
Obeying rules
avoid punishment
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Level 1. Preconventional Morality
Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange –
–At this stage of moral development, children account for ________________________ & judge actions based on ____________________________.
Reciprocity is possible at this point in moral development, but only if it serves one’s own interests.
•What’s in it for me? What must I do to avoid pain, gain pleasure?
individual points of view
how they serve individual needs
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Level 2. Conventional Morality
Stage 3 - Interpersonal (________) Conformity –
–Often referred to as the “____________” orientation, this stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations & roles.
–There is an emphasis on conformity, being “nice,” & consideration of how choices influence relationships.
•What must I do to be seen as socially acceptable?
Tribal
good boy-good girl
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
•Level 2. Conventional Morality
Stage 4 - Maintaining Law & Order ( ____________ Conformity) –
–At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider ________________ when making judgments.
–The focus is on maintaining ____________ by following the rules, doing one’s duty & respecting authority.
•What if everyone did that?
Societal
society as a whole
law and order
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
•Level 3. Postconventional Morality
Stage 5 - Social Contract and Individual Rights –
–In this stage, focus is _________, _________ for all life, the common good.
–Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.
•What is the just thing to do, given all the circumstances? What will bring the most good to the largest number of people?
justice; dignity
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
•Level 3. Postconventional Morality
Stage 6 - Universal Principles –
–Kolhberg’s final level of moral reasoning is based upon ___________ principles & ___________
–At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules, & value them over their own life.
•What will foster life in its fullest for all living beings? What is justice for all?
universal ethical
abstract reasoning.
DSM-IV
List the cluster A(______)
List the cluster B(________)
List the cluster C (_________)
Weird
Paranoid A
Schizoid A
Schizotypal A
Wild
Antisocial B
Borderline B
Histrionic B
Narcissistic B
Wacky
Obsessive-compulsive C
Avoidant C
Dependent C
