ANXIETY DISORDERS Flashcards
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Normal anxiety
Fear [(known or unknown?) , (internal or external?) , _______ threat]
vs
Anxiety [(known or unknown?) , (internal or external?), _______ threat]
known, external, definite threat
unknown, internal, vague
DSM 5 Classification of anxiety disorders
List 5
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – F41.1
- Panic Disorder (PD) – F41.0 …
- Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) – F40.10 …
- Specific Phobias – F40.xxx (where xxx represents the specific phobia) …
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – F42 …
GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER
Anxiety, which is _________ and _________ but not restricted to, or even strongly predominating in, any particular environmental circumstances (i.e. it is “ __________________ “).
generalized
persistent
free-floating
GAD
The sufferer must have primary symptoms of anxiety ____ days for at least _________at a time, and usually for ________________.
most
several weeks
several months
GAD
These symptoms should usually involve elements of:
(a) ________________ (worries about future misfortunes, feeling “on edge”, difficulty in concentrating, etc.);
(b)___________ (restless fidgeting, tension headaches, trembling, inability to relax); and
(c) __________ overactivity (lightheadedness, sweating, tachycardia or tachypnoea, epigastric discomfort, dizziness, dry mouth, etc.).
apprehension
motor tension
autonomic
PANIC DISORDER
Several (mild ,moderate or severe?) attacks of autonomic anxiety should have occurred within a period of about _________ :
(a)in circumstances where ________________________;
(b)without ___________________________________; and
(c)with ________________________________ between attacks (although anticipatory anxiety is common).
severe; 1 month
there is no objective danger
being confined to known or predictable situations
comparative freedom from anxiety symptoms
PHOBIC DISORDER
Anxiety is evoked only, or predominantly, by ______________________________________ which are not currently dangerous.
As a result, these situations or objects are characteristically avoided or endured with dread.
certain well- defined situations or objects (external to the individual)
SOCIAL PHOBIA
(a)the psychological, behavioural, or autonomic symptoms must be primarily manifestations of anxiety and not secondary to other symptoms such as delusions or obsessional thoughts;
(b)the anxiety must be restricted to or predominate in ___________________; and
(c)the phobic situation is avoided whenever possible
particular social situations
Specific phobias
Usually arise in ___________ or ____________ life and can persist for decades if they remain untreated.
Fear of the phobic situation tends not to fluctuate.
childhood
early adult
AETIOLOGY OF ANXIETY DISORDER
• ______ adverse experiences
•Personality: _________
• __________ events
Early
neuroticism
Stressful life
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
For a definite diagnosis, _________ symptoms or ________ acts, or both, must be present on most days for at least _________________ and be a source of ________________________.
obsessional; compulsive
2 successive weeks
distress or interference with activities
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
NEUROBIOLOGY
Association with other brain disorders
• _____________ lethargica
• ___________________
• ______________ chorea
•Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS)
Encephalitis
Gilles de la tourette
Sydenham’s
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
The obsessional symptoms should have the following xtics:
(a)they must be recognized as the individual’s _______________________;
(b)there must be at least ___________________________________;
(c)the thought of carrying out the act must _______________________ (simple relief of tension or anxiety is not regarded as pleasure in this sense);
(d)the thoughts, images, or impulses must be ________________________.
own thoughts or impulses
one thought or act that is still resisted unsuccessfully, even though others may be present which the sufferer no longer resists
not in itself be pleasurable
unpleasantly repetitive
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
For people with GAD and a comorbid depressive or other anxiety disorder, treat the ____________________ first (that is, the one that is ____________ and in which it is more likely that treatment will improve overall functioning)
primary disorder
more severe
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
For people with GAD who misuse substances, be aware that ________________________ ; _____________________________ should be treated first as this may lead to significant improvement in the symptoms of _______.
substance misuse can be a complication of GAD
harmful and dependent substance misuse
GAD
