COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY AND COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS IN COMMUNITY Flashcards
What is community psychiatry?
Community psychiatry is a subspeciality of psychiatry that involves the study and treatment of individuals with mental illness in the community rather than in psychiatric clinics or hospitals.
Example: Providing therapy sessions in community centers rather than hospitals.
How can community psychiatry be defined?
Community psychiatry can be defined as the provision of psychiatric services to the patient within their community environment with an aim to achieve full social integration.
Additional information: Focuses on integrating individuals back into society.
The recent history of mental health services can be seen in terms of three periods:
first, the _____________________________
second, the __________________
third, ___________________ mental health services
rise of the asylum and mental hospitals
decline of the asylum
balancing (fine-tuning)
The rise of the Asylums
Asylums built
________ located,
Mainly ________ containment
Basic necessities for survival,
_______ range of clinical disorders and social abnormalities.
Staff consists of ____________________ only.
Primacy of ________ over ___________.
Reduced role for the ________.
Public investment in institutions.
Remotely; custodial; Wide
doctors and nurses
containment; treatment
family
The failures of Asylum
The asylum model produced very poor standards of treatment and care (Leff 1997)
the geographical and professional _________ of the institutions and their staff;
inadequate ________ and ____________ procedures.
poor ___________;
failures of management, leadership, and ineffective administration;
poorly targeted ________ resources;
poor reporting and accounting procedures;
repeated cases of ill ________ to patients;
Social _______
Develoment of ___________
isolation
inspection and quality assurance
staff training; financial
treatment; isolation; disabilities
The fall of the Asylum
Post world-wars socio-political changes.
Emergence of effective ________ (1940s), ___________ (1950s) and _________ therapies.
Evolving ____________________________
Increasing but not fully recognised role of the _________.
physical; pharmacological; psychological
clinical disciplines: psychology, Occupational therapy, social works.
family
The fall of the asylum
De-institutionalisation movement with three essential components: (Reid et al 2001)
a) the prevention of inappropriate mental hospital _________ through the provision of community facilities;
b) the ______________________ of long-term institutional patients who have received adequate preparation
c) the establishment and maintenance of _________________ for non-institutionalised patients.
admissions
discharge to the community
community support systems
ERA of balancing (fine-tuning) mental health services
_________ hospitals being replaced by ___________
_____ease in the number of beds.
Importance of ————- increasingly recognized.
Increasing ____________ in treatment and care and focus in public sector on cost-effectiveness and cost containment.
More ________-based staff and emphasis on ____________ working
Traditional; smaller facilities
Decr; families
private investment
community; multidisciplinary team
ERA of balancing (fine tuning) mental health services
Emergence of ‘ __________-based’ psychiatry in relation to pharmacological, social and psychological treatments
Emergence of concern about ________ between ______________ and ______________ …
The _________________ act
evidence
balance
control of patients and their independence
mental capacity
The Aro Village system of community psychiatry was started in Nigeria in 1954 by _________ with the aim of making use of __________________ of the community in the treatment of mentally sick persons.
Prof T.A. Lambo
traditional sociocultural resources
Brief biography
Prof _____________,(March 29, 1923 – March 13, 2004)
Prof Lambo was born in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
He attended the Baptist Boys’ High School, Abeokuta, Ogun Statefrom 1935 to 1940. He then proceeded to the University of Birmingham, where he studied medicine.
in 1952, he enrolled at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London. Lambo became famous for his work in ______-psychiatry and psychiatric ______—-.
Thomas Adeoye Lambo
ethno
epidemiology.
ARO village system
In the village of Abeokuta, Nigeria, the local colonial government decided in 1949 to invest in a new mental hospital that could ______, rather than _______, its occupants. However, the cost of such was enormous, the project was abandoned.
In 1954, Prof Lambo arrived and converted the ________________________ into a ___________ complex and addressed patient housing by turning to the abutting village space of Aro where he asked villagers to _______________________________.
treat; contain
completed employee housing quarters
day hospital
rent out rooms in their homes to patients
ARO village system
Lambo installed a 24/7 _____________, placing health care workers within arm’s reach.
Furthermore, he mandated _____________________ and assist each patient as a prerequisite for patient intake, assuring villagers in opening their homes.
Villagers often forwarded the rent received from the patients to the hospital to expand its _______ and _________ system, providing Aro with unprecedented electrical lighting and running water.
village nursing station
a family member to live with
electrical and plumbing
HISTORY
The __________ phase (Pre colonial)
The ___________ phase (1903 –1954)
_________ asylum -1903
_________ asylum -1907
_____________ asylum –1944
Colonial psychiatrists/alienists include: Drs. Blair, Home, Brown, Cameron, and Carothers.
The _______________ phase (1954 to date)
traditional; transitional
Calabar; Yaba
Lantoro
therapeutic
