Personality Development Flashcards
What are the different theories of personalities?
Psychoanalytic approach
Trait approach
Biological
Humanistic/phenomenological
Behaviorist/learning
Cognitive approach
Interactionist perspective
Freud’s Theory is an example of?
The Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
What are the three divisions for the psychoanalytical structure of the mind?
Conscious mind
Preconscious mind
Unconscious mind
What is the conscious mind?
The mind contains things that occupy one’s current attention.
What is the preconscious mind?
The mind contains things that aren’t currently in consciousness, but can be accessed
What is the unconscious mind?
It entails mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories that are beyond awareness
What is known as a highway to the unconscious mind?
Dreams
What is Freud’s Three part personality structure?
Id
Ego
Superego
What is your id?
Is the original personality, the only part present at birth and the part out of which the other two parts of our personality emerge.
It drives what you want to do.
“ red angel on one shoulder”
Where does the id reside?
In the unconscious mind
What is the Ego?
It starts developing during the first year or so of life to find realistic and socially-acceptable outlets for the id’s needs.
What is known as the mediator between the id and superego - between right and wrong?
Ego
Where does the ego reside?
Part is in the unconscious mind while other part is in the preconscious and conscious mind
Fill in the blanks . The Id operates on ____ principle , ego operates on ______ principle while the superego operates on _____.”
Id- Pleasure principle
Ego- Reality principle
Superego- Morality principle
Life instincts for survival, reproduction, and pleasure & death instincts, destructive and aggressive drives detrimental to survival belongs to what structure of mind?
The Id
What is the superego?
Represents one’s conscience and idealized standards of behavior in their culture
“ white angel”
What are Freud’s defenses mechanisms?
*Repression- Unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious.
*Regression- Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development.
- Displacement - Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer substitute target
What are Freud’s defense mechanisms part 2?
- Sublimation- Replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behaviour.
*Reaction Formation- Acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses.
*Projection- Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself.
*Rationalization- Creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behavior
What is an erogenous zone?
An erogenous zone is the area of the body where the id’s pleasure-seeking psychic energy is focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.
True or False? A change in the erogenous zone designates the beginning of a new stage.
TRUE!!
Which stage/ age range has no erogenous zone?
Latency ( 6 yrs to puberty)
What is the erogenouz zone for patients in the age range ( birth to 1 1/2 years)?
Oral stage - mouth, lips & tongue
What is the erogenouz zone for patients in the age range ( 3 to 6 years)?
Phallic stage- Genitals
At what age and stage is the anus the erogenous zone in patients?
Anal stage ( 1 1/2 - 3 years)
What traits are associated with a anal-retentive personality?
Orderliness, neatness, stinginess, and obstinacy develops
When does an anal- retentive personality develop?
If the child reacts to harsh toilet training by trying to get even with the parents by withholding bowel movements
When does an anal- explosive personality develop?
This personality develops when the child rebels
against the harsh training and has bowel movements
whenever and wherever he desires .
‘ literally explosive’
True or False? In the Oedipus conflict, the little girl is attracted to her father because he has a penis; she wants one and feels inferior without one (penis envy)
FALSE!!! This occurs in the Electra conflict.
“ Electra is attracted to her dad”
True or False? In the Oedipus conflict, the little boy becomes sexually attracted to his mother and fears the father (his rival) will find out and castrate him
TRUE!!
During what process does the superego begin to develop?
During Identification
Which researcher proposed there was a collective unconscious mind?
Carl Jung
Which researcher proposed the main motivation was Striving for Superiority ?
Alfred Adler
Which researcher proposed that the focus is on our need for security, rather than a sense of inferiority?
Karen Horney
What is the collective unconscious mind?
The collective unconscious is the accumulated universal experiences of humankind, with each of us inheriting the same cumulative storehouse of all human experiences.
Ex- ‘ black mothers - “ you have kfc money”
What are the two main personalities associated with the Unconscious mind?
Extraversion and Introversion
What are the four functions/styles of gathering information in the collective unconscious mind?
F - Feeling- is the subjective emotional function
I - Intuiting -is more subjective perception
S - Sensing - is the reality function in which the world is carefully perceived
T- Thinking is logical deduction
Functions of the collective unconscious minds is Fist
Fill in the blanks.” __________ is the Father of humanistic movement.
Abraham Maslow
“ father Abraham of humanistic movement”
What is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
1.Self actualization needs
2.Esteem Needs
3.Belongingness and love neeeds
4.Safety needs
5.Physiological needs.
What are characteristics of self-actualised persons?
*Accepting themselves, others, and the nature of world for what they are.
*Having a need for privacy and only a few close, emotional relationships.
*Being autonomous and independent, democratic, and very creative.
*Being open to experiences including deep spirituality.
*Having insight in which you experience whatever you are doing as fully as possible.
What is the name of the theory that emphasised self actualisation?
Self Theory
Who developed the self theory and what is the basis surrounding it?
Carl Rojers - One should have an unconditional positive regard – acceptance and approval without conditions.
In rovers self theory , personality comes from?
Self- Concept
True or False? Rojer’s and Maslow’s theory are research based.
FALSE!! They are NOT researched based
Which theory of personality classifies personality according to “types”?
The Trait Approach
In the trait approach theory, that strategies are used to determine ones personality?
Factor Analysis and Statistical techniques.
Fill in the blanks. The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality is research-based by combining
elements of three major research perspectives: _____, ______ &______.
Cognitive
Behavioral
Sociocultural
’ it’s literally in the name’
What is the basis of the Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality?
It maintains that learning through environmental conditioning contributes to personality development.
Which researcher ,using factor analysis, argued for three trait dimensions?
Hans Eysenck
Which researcher, using factor analysis, found that 16 traits were necessary to describe human personality?
Raymond B. Cattell
Fill in the blanks. “ In Trait theory, personality ________ theory is at a more general and inclusive level of abstraction than _____.”
Eysenck’s (better) & Cattell’s
