Learning

Question 1

What is Habituation?

Answer 1

Habituation (also called desensitization) happens when repeated stimulation results in a decreased response (e.g., a child who receives weekly allergy injections cries less and less with each injection)

Question 2

What is sensitization?

Answer 2

In sensitization, repeated stimulation results in an increased response (e.g., a child who is afraid of spiders feels more anxiety each time he encounters a spider).

Question 3

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 3

In classical conditioning, a natural or reflexive response (behavior) is elicited by a learned stimulus (a cue from an internal or external event). This type of learning is called associative learning.

Question 4

What is another name for classical conditioning?

Answer 4

Pavlov conditioning

Question 5

Who was the first researcher to discover Classical conditioning?

Answer 5

Ivan Pavlov

Question 6

What animal was used to prove this study?

Answer 6

A dog.
Dog was were strapped to harness and salivation levels were measured .

Question 7

What part of the brain is associated with Associative learning?

Answer 7

Hippocampus

Question 8

What part of the brain is associated with Classical conditioning?

Answer 8

The cerebellum
C- classical c- for cerebellum

Question 9

What are the stages of Classical conditioning?

Answer 9

1.Acquisition
2. Extinction
3.Spontaneous Recovery

Question 10

True or False? In classical conditioning, learning occurs when a neutral stimulus( doesn’t illicit a response yet) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 10

TRUE!!

Question 11

True or False ? In classical conditioning the Neutral stimulus becomes the Conditioned stimulus , now eliciting a conditioned response.

Answer 11

TRUE!!

Question 12

Which researcher discovered classical conditioned in response to fear?

Answer 12

Watson and Raynor
“ rat and Little Albert experience”

Question 13

What is the Acquisiton phase in Classical conditioning?

Answer 13

In this stage, we gradually learn or acquire the condition response (CR).

Question 14

What happens in the Extinction phase in Classical conditioning ?

Answer 14

This occurs when the conditioned response decreases in magnitude and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone – i.e not paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 15

What happens in the Spontaneous recovery stage?

Answer 15

The extinct conditioned response (re-appears in a weaker form) if we present the conditioned stimulus again after some time .

Question 16

Which researcher proposed that fears can be counter conditioned through the use of Flooding And systematic desensitization?

Answer 16

Mary Jones

Question 17

What is Flooding?

Answer 17

In flooding, the patient is exposed to the fear evoking object until fear is extinguished.
‘patient is flooded with fear’

Question 18

What is Systematic desensitization?

Answer 18

In systematic desensitization, the patient is gradually exposed to fear evoking object under circumstances where he/she remains relaxed.

Question 19

What is Operant conditioning?

Answer 19

This is the process by which behaviour becomes more or less likely to occur depending on the CONSEQUENCES.

Question 20

What are the two consequences of behaviour in Operant learning?

Answer 20

Reinforcement
Punishment

Question 21

Fill in the blanks. “ Behaviors that are reinforced (lead to satisfying consequences) will be ______.”

Answer 21

Strengthened - more likely to recur

Question 22

Fill in the blanks. “Behaviors that are punished (lead to unsatisfying consequences) will be _____”

Answer 22

Weakened- less likely to recur

Question 23

What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

Answer 23

Any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tends to be repeated while any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends not be repeated.

Question 24

Which researcher discovered learning through punishment and reinforcement( Operant Learning)?

Answer 24

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Question 25

What is Positive Reinforcement?

Answer 25

In positive reinforcement, an appetitive ( pleasant ) stimulus is presented and response is likely to recur. Ex You get good grades and are awarded with money so you continue to get good grades.

Question 26

What is Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 26

In negative stimulus an aversive stimulus is removed. Ex You get good grades to avoid cussing from your parents so you continue to get good grades to avoid cussing.

Question 27

What is Positive punishment?

Answer 27

In positive punishment ,an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus is presented making the response less likely to recur. ex. parents are gonna beat you , if you do smn bad.

Question 28

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 28

In negative punishment, an appetitive (pleasant) stimulus is removed making the response less likely to recur.ex parents are gonna take away your phone if you do smn bad.

Question 29

What are the mental processes associated with learning?

Answer 29

Perception, Memory and Thinking

Question 30

What is latent learning?

Answer 30

This is learning that occurs but not demonstrated until there is incentive to do so.
ex Employee more likely to perform task if a raise is presented to them.

Question 31

What is Observational learning (modeling)?

Answer 31

Learning by observing others and imitating their behaviour.
“ monkey see , monkey do”

Question 32

What is Cognitive learning?

Answer 32

In cognitive learning, the individual learns by listening, watching, touching, reading, or experiencing and then processing and remembering the information.
ex - med students lol

Question 33

What mental processes are evaluated in Cognitive learning?

Answer 33

Problem Solving
Memory
Attention