Human Life Cycle Flashcards
In Infancy (0-2years) , what scale is used to measure physical condition ?
Apgar Scale
What does the Apgar Scale investigate?
Appearance (skin color)
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace response (reflexes)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing rate and effort)
What is the normal range for the Apgar scale?
Above 7 equal good
What are the Primitive reflexes displayed in Infancy?
Sucking reflex
startle reflex (Moro reflex)
Palmar grasp reflex
Babinski reflex
Rooting reflex.
What are the motor skills displayed in Infancy?
Lifts Head( 1-3 mths)
Turns over( 4-6)
Sits Unassisted
Crawls (7-11)
Transfers toys (7-11 mths)
Walks instead ( 12mths)
What are cognitive skills displayed in infancy?
Sensori-motor intelligence (Piaget)
Object permanence
Imitating
Language development
What are cognitive skills displayed in infancy?
Sensori-motor intelligence (Piaget)
Object permanence
Imitating
Language development
Which researcher described early development as a sequential process of separation of the child from the mother or primary caregiver?
Maargaret Mahler
What base conflict stage of psycho-social development is seen in infancy?
Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame& doubt
(Erik Erikson)
What stage does Sigmund Freud is seen in Infancy?
Oral Stage ( they get most pleasure from that are)
What is the leading cause of death in pre-school years?
Accidents
What stage is described in Middle Years (6-11 ) years?
Industry vs Inferiority ( sense of competence)
What are cognitive skills displayed in Pre-School years (3-6)
Pre-operational thinking
egocentricism
reversibility
centration
animism
How many words can a child sat at age 2?
200 words
How many words should a child be able to say at age 3?
900 words
What is the base conflict stage is experienced in Pre- school years ?
Initiate vs self doubt
Initiate vs Guilt
What are the psycho-social elements in Pre-School years?
Development of self concept (family, teachers, peers)
Gender development
Development of conscience
In what age group can growth spurt & obesity develop?
Middle Years (6-11)
At what age does one understand the concepts of Seriation and conservation?
Middle years (6-11)
What is conservation and seration?
Conservation- involves the understanding that a quantity of a substance remains the same regardless of the size of the container or shape it is in
Seration- involves the ability to arrange objects in order with respect to their sizes or other qualities
What base conflict stage is looked at in Adolescence?
Identity formation vs role confusion
What base conflict stage of the psychosocial development is experienced in Young Adulthood (20-40 years)?
Intimacy vs Isolation
Ego Integrity vs Despair is displayed in what age period?
Maturity (60+)
What base conflict stage of the psychosocial development is experienced in Middle Adulthood?
Generativity vs Stagnation
What is Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?
Erikson believed that individuals move through a series of eight (8)
psycho - social stages throughout the lifespan
What was the central theme present in Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?
Ego Identity
In young adulthood what is the base virtue desired?
Love
What is age group considered to be the healthiest stage in the lifecycle?
Young Adults (20-40 years)
What are causes of Mortality in the Young Adulthood stage?
HIV
Tobacco
Homicides
Road Traffic deaths
What are the most common cancers affecting young people?
Lymphomas, leukaemia, testicular cancer (males), melanoma, CNS tumours, sarcomas, breast & cervical cancer
Which age group is mostly prone to the Sandwich generation?
Middle Age adult
What are some critical changes experienced in middle adulthood?
- Physical changes
- Emptying of the nest
- Death of a parent
What is the Hallmark for menopause?
Amenorrhoea(no periods ) for 12 months ( age 45-55 years)
What are the types of menopause?
Premature
Natural
Induced
True or False? In demographic transitioning, There is a decrease in the proportion of children and young adults and an increase in the middle age and older population.
TRUE!!
What are the driving factors of Population ageing?
*Decreasing mortality
*Declining fertility
* Increasing life expectancy
*Migration (sometimes a factor)
What is described as an Aged population?
A population in which more than
7% of the population is 65 or
older
What is a Super Aged population?
A population with more than 20
% elderly
What are examples of countries that are Super Aged populations?
Japan
Germany
Italy
Which countries became Super - aged populations by 2015?
Finland
Greece
Which countries became super- aged populations by 2020?
- Bulgaria: 21.1%
- Croatia: 20.9%
- France:
- Malta: 20.6%
- The Netherlands: 20.1%
- Portugal: 21%
- Slovenia: 20.5%
- Sweden: 22.5%
What are indicators of population ageing?
- Population pyramids
- Proportion Aged
- Median Age
- Dependency ratios
- The ageing Index
- Life Expectancy
What are the three demographic forces that determine the shape of a population structure?
(i)Fertility
(ii) Mortality
(iii) Migration
A ‘population pyramid ’ is a graphic illustration of the ____and____
structure of a population
Age and Sex
What type of shapes can a population pyramid take place ?
- Triangle ( True) - young population - high fertility& high mortality
- Beehive - population - low fertility & low mortality
- Rectangular - aged or ageing population
What is the proportion of Jamaica’s Population 60 & over?
11.36%
True or False? The ageing index is an indicator of the pressures that societies may face in allocation of resources.
TRUE!!
What is the age range used in Ageing index?
The ration of Older people (60& over ) to children under 15 years
Fill in the blanks. “______ is the measures the pressure on the productive population”
Dependency Ratio
Which Caribbean country is predicted to have the will have the
highest proportion of older adults?
Cuba
Fill in the blank.” _____is the process in which infectious diseases are gradually replaced by chronic non-
communicable diseases as the leading causes of death.”
Epidemiological transition
What is the most prevalent chronic disease in Jamaica?
Hypertension
True or False? There is no gender difference in chronic illnesses .
FALSE!! Females reported higher rates of chronic disease.
What are the four giants of geriatrics?
- Memory loss
- Urinary incontinence
- Depression
- Falls or immobility
What are factors associated with Falls?
Older age
Female sex
Vision impairment
Functional disability
What Is known to be a key determinant of successful ageing?
Strong social support
What are the three sub-types of social support?
Emotional
Instrumental
Informational Support:
