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Health Care Concepts > Human Life Cycle > Flashcards

Human Life Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

In Infancy (0-2years) , what scale is used to measure physical condition ?

A

Apgar Scale

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2
Q

What does the Apgar Scale investigate?

A

Appearance (skin color)
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace response (reflexes)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing rate and effort)

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3
Q

What is the normal range for the Apgar scale?

A

Above 7 equal good

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4
Q

What are the Primitive reflexes displayed in Infancy?

A

Sucking reflex
startle reflex (Moro reflex)
Palmar grasp reflex
Babinski reflex
Rooting reflex.

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5
Q

What are the motor skills displayed in Infancy?

A

Lifts Head( 1-3 mths)
Turns over( 4-6)
Sits Unassisted
Crawls (7-11)
Transfers toys (7-11 mths)
Walks instead ( 12mths)

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6
Q

What are cognitive skills displayed in infancy?

A

Sensori-motor intelligence (Piaget)
Object permanence
Imitating
Language development

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7
Q

What are cognitive skills displayed in infancy?

A

Sensori-motor intelligence (Piaget)
Object permanence
Imitating
Language development

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8
Q

Which researcher described early development as a sequential process of separation of the child from the mother or primary caregiver?

A

Maargaret Mahler

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9
Q

What base conflict stage of psycho-social development is seen in infancy?

A

Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame& doubt
(Erik Erikson)

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10
Q

What stage does Sigmund Freud is seen in Infancy?

A

Oral Stage ( they get most pleasure from that are)

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11
Q

What is the leading cause of death in pre-school years?

A

Accidents

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12
Q

What stage is described in Middle Years (6-11 ) years?

A

Industry vs Inferiority ( sense of competence)

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13
Q

What are cognitive skills displayed in Pre-School years (3-6)

A

Pre-operational thinking
egocentricism
reversibility
centration
animism

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14
Q

How many words can a child sat at age 2?

A

200 words

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15
Q

How many words should a child be able to say at age 3?

A

900 words

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16
Q

What is the base conflict stage is experienced in Pre- school years ?

A

Initiate vs self doubt
Initiate vs Guilt

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17
Q

What are the psycho-social elements in Pre-School years?

A

Development of self concept (family, teachers, peers)
Gender development
Development of conscience

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18
Q

In what age group can growth spurt & obesity develop?

A

Middle Years (6-11)

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19
Q

At what age does one understand the concepts of Seriation and conservation?

A

Middle years (6-11)

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20
Q

What is conservation and seration?

A

Conservation- involves the understanding that a quantity of a substance remains the same regardless of the size of the container or shape it is in

Seration- involves the ability to arrange objects in order with respect to their sizes or other qualities

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21
Q

What base conflict stage is looked at in Adolescence?

A

Identity formation vs role confusion

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22
Q

What base conflict stage of the psychosocial development is experienced in Young Adulthood (20-40 years)?

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

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23
Q

Ego Integrity vs Despair is displayed in what age period?

A

Maturity (60+)

24
Q

What base conflict stage of the psychosocial development is experienced in Middle Adulthood?

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

25
Q

What is Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

A

Erikson believed that individuals move through a series of eight (8)
psycho - social stages throughout the lifespan

26
Q

What was the central theme present in Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

A

Ego Identity

27
Q

In young adulthood what is the base virtue desired?

A

Love

28
Q

What is age group considered to be the healthiest stage in the lifecycle?

A

Young Adults (20-40 years)

29
Q

What are causes of Mortality in the Young Adulthood stage?

A

HIV
Tobacco
Homicides
Road Traffic deaths

30
Q

What are the most common cancers affecting young people?

A

Lymphomas, leukaemia, testicular cancer (males), melanoma, CNS tumours, sarcomas, breast & cervical cancer

31
Q

Which age group is mostly prone to the Sandwich generation?

A

Middle Age adult

32
Q

What are some critical changes experienced in middle adulthood?

A
  • Physical changes
  • Emptying of the nest
  • Death of a parent
33
Q

What is the Hallmark for menopause?

A

Amenorrhoea(no periods ) for 12 months ( age 45-55 years)

34
Q

What are the types of menopause?

A

Premature
Natural
Induced

35
Q

True or False? In demographic transitioning, There is a decrease in the proportion of children and young adults and an increase in the middle age and older population.

A

TRUE!!

36
Q

What are the driving factors of Population ageing?

A

*Decreasing mortality
*Declining fertility
* Increasing life expectancy
*Migration (sometimes a factor)

37
Q

What is described as an Aged population?

A

A population in which more than
7% of the population is 65 or
older

38
Q

What is a Super Aged population?

A

A population with more than 20
% elderly

39
Q

What are examples of countries that are Super Aged populations?

A

Japan
Germany
Italy

40
Q

Which countries became Super - aged populations by 2015?

A

Finland
Greece

41
Q

Which countries became super- aged populations by 2020?

A
  • Bulgaria: 21.1%
  • Croatia: 20.9%
  • France:
  • Malta: 20.6%
  • The Netherlands: 20.1%
  • Portugal: 21%
  • Slovenia: 20.5%
  • Sweden: 22.5%
42
Q

What are indicators of population ageing?

A
  1. Population pyramids
  2. Proportion Aged
  3. Median Age
  4. Dependency ratios
  5. The ageing Index
  6. Life Expectancy
43
Q

What are the three demographic forces that determine the shape of a population structure?

A

(i)Fertility
(ii) Mortality
(iii) Migration

44
Q

A ‘population pyramid ’ is a graphic illustration of the ____and____
structure of a population

A

Age and Sex

45
Q

What type of shapes can a population pyramid take place ?

A
  • Triangle ( True) - young population - high fertility& high mortality
  • Beehive - population - low fertility & low mortality
  • Rectangular - aged or ageing population
46
Q

What is the proportion of Jamaica’s Population 60 & over?

A

11.36%

47
Q

True or False? The ageing index is an indicator of the pressures that societies may face in allocation of resources.

A

TRUE!!

48
Q

What is the age range used in Ageing index?

A

The ration of Older people (60& over ) to children under 15 years

49
Q

Fill in the blanks. “______ is the measures the pressure on the productive population”

A

Dependency Ratio

50
Q

Which Caribbean country is predicted to have the will have the
highest proportion of older adults?

A

Cuba

51
Q

Fill in the blank.” _____is the process in which infectious diseases are gradually replaced by chronic non-
communicable diseases as the leading causes of death.”

A

Epidemiological transition

52
Q

What is the most prevalent chronic disease in Jamaica?

A

Hypertension

53
Q

True or False? There is no gender difference in chronic illnesses .

A

FALSE!! Females reported higher rates of chronic disease.

54
Q

What are the four giants of geriatrics?

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Urinary incontinence
  3. Depression
  4. Falls or immobility
55
Q

What are factors associated with Falls?

A

Older age
Female sex
Vision impairment
Functional disability

56
Q

What Is known to be a key determinant of successful ageing?

A

Strong social support

57
Q

What are the three sub-types of social support?

A

Emotional
Instrumental
Informational Support:

Health Care Concepts (10 decks)

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