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Health Care Concepts > Perception & Stress > Flashcards

Perception & Stress Flashcards

1
Q

What is sensation?

A

Gathering information

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2
Q

What is perception?

A

Interpreting information

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3
Q

What are Gesalt’s principles of perception?

A

~Law of Similarity- things look similar.

~Law of Proximity-objects close together belongs together .

~Law of Figure ( Pragnanz) - organised based on what we see as a figure.

~Law of Closure - Things with gaps in them are complete.

~Law of Continuity- they belong together if they have a continuous pattern ( move in same direction).

~Law of Common region-

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4
Q

Fill in the blanks. In the law of figure- ground, _____ is the object(s) that stands out or draws one’s attention while _____- is the background.

A

Figure - stands out/ draws attention
Ground- backGROUND

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5
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

Perceiving the size, shape, and
lightness of an object as unchanging,
even as the image of the object on the
retina of the eye changes.

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6
Q

What are monocular depth views?

A

Depth cues that can be perceived by only one eye

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7
Q

What are types of Monocular depth views?

A

Interposition
Linear perspective

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8
Q

Which researcher pointed out that our perceptions of motion appear to
be based on fundamental, but frequently changing, assumptions about stability?

A

James Gibson

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9
Q

What are influences on perception?

A

Top- Down processing
Bottom - Up processing

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10
Q

What is Top-Down processing?

A

-Top-down processing is a cognitive process that initiates with our thoughts, which flow down to lower-level functions, such as the senses.
-Application of previous experience and conceptual(existing/new )knowledge to
recognize the whole of a perception

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11
Q

What is bottom- up processing?

A

Information processing in which individual components or bits of data are combined until a complete perception is formed.

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12
Q

True or False? Bottom up processing is usually diet driven and requires no previous knowledge or learning.

A

TRUE!!

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13
Q

What process is first initiated in Bottom up processing?

A

Sensing of stimulus

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14
Q

Fill in the blank , Top- Down processing uses a _____ analysis, while Bottom- up processing uses a ____ analysis.

A

Top - Down —- Guide Analysis
Bottom- Up —— Breakdown Analysis

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15
Q

What is perpetual set?

A

An expectation of what will be perceived, which can affect what actually is perceived

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16
Q

What are general influences on perception?

A

*Inattentional blindness - so focused on one thing you miss another.
*Social perception - facial expressions often take priority over the auditory cues
associated with a person’s speech intonation and volume, as well as the actual words spoken (more likely to look at the persons face)
*

17
Q

What are factors in the perceiver that influence perception?

A

Attitudes
Motives
Interest
Expectation
Experience

18
Q

What are factors in the situation that influence perception?

A

Time
Work setting
Social setting

19
Q

What are factors of the target that influence perception?

A

Novelty
Motion
Sound
Size
Background
Proximity

20
Q

What is the main cause of Stress?

A

How we perceive events in our world and how we respond to such events.

21
Q

How can stressors be classified?

A
  • Positive events- winning the lottery
  • Background/daily hassles - being stuck in traffic
  • Personal stressors - major life events such as the death of a family member
  • Cataclysmic events -stressors that occur suddenly, affect everyone simultaneously -– natural disaster –Hurricanes /9/11
22
Q

What are the psychological impact of stress?

A
  • Impaired concentration
  • mental confusion/fog
  • poor judgment
  • irritability.
  • Reduce performance/productivity levels
  • Burnout (me lol)
  • Increases tension
  • Increased risks for additive behaviours substanceuse/ bad diet.
23
Q

What are changes that stress has on the Autonomic Nervous system in the body?

A

*Increase in CVD
*Increase risk in circulatory disease
*Blood pressure & heart rate changes, irregular
heartbeat, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis.
*Digestive system: nervous stomach, nausea,
bleeding ulcers, spastic colon, ulcerative colitis.
* Tumour development risk

24
Q

True or False? Stress can cause diabetes.

A

TRUE

25
Q

What part of the brain is mainly impacted by Stress?

A

Amygdala and Hippocampus

26
Q

Which theory explains the body’s response to stress?

A

The General Adaptation Sydrome( GAS)

27
Q

Who developed the General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

Hans Selye(1936)

28
Q

What are the three stages of Stress in chronological order?

A

1st Alarm
2nd Resistance
3rd Exhaustion

29
Q

What happens in the Alarm stage of Stress?

A

*Activates its fight or flight response system, and releases the “stress” hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol.

30
Q

What happens in the Resistance stage of Stress?

A

Your body’s defense system becomes weaker, as it needs to allocate energy to the repair of damaged muscle tissues and lower the production of the stress hormones.

31
Q

What happens in the Exhaustion stage of Stress?

A

When stress is constant and extremely serious, it may lead to death.

32
Q

True or False? All stressors will produce the same physiological response.

A

FALSE!! NOT all stressors will produce the same physiological response.

33
Q

Who developed the Theory of Cognitive Appraisal?

A

Lazarus and Folkman in 1984

34
Q

What is the basis of the Theory of Cognitive Appraisal?

A

This theory explained the mental process which
influence of the stressors.

35
Q

Cognitive appraisal occurs when a person considers two major factors that contribute in his
stress response. What are these factors?

A

1.The threat of the stress to the individual
2.The assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate the stressor and the stress it produces.

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the Cognitive Appraisal theory?

A

1.Primary Appraisal ( is this harmful, stressing or threatening)
2. Secondary Appraisal ( What resources do I have)

37
Q

True or False? Re-Appraisal only increases stress.

A

FALSE!! It can both reduce and increase stress

38
Q

What are Awareness stress management strategies?

A
  • Biorhythm & Biofeedback.
  • Therapeutic massage, foot & hand reflexology.
  • Deep breathing.
  • Laughter, humor.
  • Rest & Relaxation.
  • Warm Baths (whirlpool, steam & mineral).
  • Aromatherapy.
  • Color Therapy.
39
Q

What are Alert stress management strategies?

A
  • Meditation.
  • Self-Hypnosis.
  • Positive Affirmations.
  • Visualization.
  • Prayer.

Health Care Concepts (10 decks)

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