Personality Flashcards
What is the definition of personality?
the more or less stable and enduring organisation of a person’s character, temperament and intellect which determine who they are and makes them unique
What is Eysenck’s trait theory
- People are born with established characteristics (innate)
- It is stable throughout all situation when the environment changes
- It can easily measured through questionnaires, however it doesn’t take into account environmental factors or those who decide to structure their own personalities
- created a theory that lies between extrovert and introvert
What is Bandura’s learning theory?
- He believes that all personality is a result of the environment you are put in
- it shapes your personality by learning off significant others
- People’s behaviour that is praised, it is more likely it will be copied to gain success. eg a tennis player is praised from coach for showing determination and controlled emotions during the game, others are more likely to copy that personality
What is Hollanders’ Interventionist theory?
- Behaviour is a mix of inherited traits and learned experiences
- eg a calm player but a change of environment changes their personality such as being provoked by a bad tackle the player could react angrily
What is the concentric ring theory?
1) psychological core (trait characteristics)
2) Typical response (the response in situations eg changing personality to a bad challenge
3) Role related behaviour (change personality to suit a role eg captain)
Eg Chris Froome
What are the advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires?
Ads: - Collect lots of data - quick and easy to use - reliable and can be used anywhere Dis ads: - Miss interpretation of questions - Answers may not be truthful (social desirability) - Questions not allow for full answer (limited answer/can't elaborate)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of interviews?
Ads:
- greater validity as it can uncover issues that can’t be answered by limited questions
Dis ads:
- Expensive and time consuming
- The status of the interviewer may effect answers given if you knew them
- Lower reliability than questionnaires as it relies on the interviewer being able to interpret the answers correctly
What are the advantages and disadvantages of observations?
Ads:
- Real life setting so they are more likely to operate naturally in day to day setting
Dis ads:
- Reliant on the skill of the observer
- If the performer knows they are being observed they may act differently such as become more anxious
- Time consuming and expensive and may need more than one observer at a time
What is the POMS test?
- Profile of mood states
- Measures tension, fatigue, depression, confusion (low in elite sports people), vigour and anger (high in elite sports people)
- unsuccessful athletes show consistent in all moos, successful A’s show an ICE BERG profile
What are the advantages with POMS?
- Mood states are temporary and change depending on the situation (unstable)
- More accurate than traits
- display iceberg profile (easy to tell)
- high levels of vigour and anger
What are the problems with POMS?
- Some elite performers don’t display this profile (different sports)
- Some non athletes display the iceberg profile
- can’t be assumed that all non A’s aren’t psychologically prepared
- Problem whether successful performers had the profile before they cam elite or is it a result of becoming elite
What is achievement motivation?
In demanding situations, performers exhibit either need o achieve (Nach) or need to avoid failure (Naf) characteristics.
Name some characteristics of a NACH and NAF personality
Nach - very competitive - high self efficacy - enjoys challenge/risk taker Naf - not competative - low self efficacy - dislikes challenge/ not risk taker - gives up easily
How can a NACH be achieved?
- setting achievable goals (process and performance goals)
- gradually increase the complexity of the task/challenge
- encourage them to take risks without punishment if fail
- pos reinforcement to raise confidence
- highlight comparable role models who have comparable characteristics
- credit internal attributions eg ability, for success
- start with an easy task to ensure success
