Attitudes

Question 1

What is the definition of an attitude?

Answer 1

Describe’s an individual’s predisposition to believe, feel and act towards an attitude object

Question 2

What re the 4 reasons for a development of an attitude?

Answer 2

1) Past experience = if experience is enjoyable eg winning comps, it develops a positive attitude, and perceive their ability as high with increase confidence and motivation. VICE VERSA
2) Socialisation = How the individual wants to fit into the social norms eg if the norms in a school is to take part in physical activity, they will conform and take part to fit in. VICE VERSA with peers and parents
3) Social Learning = imitating the actions of significant others. If parents or friends have a positive attitude towards physical activity, likely to copy especially when reinforced
4) Media = High profile models in the media often have positive attitude towards activity, respect them

Question 3

What is the definition of prejudice?

Answer 3

a biased judgment made before the relevant facts have been considered. Often based towards race, gender and age

Question 4

What are the 3 causes of development of prejudice?

Answer 4

1) Social learning = learn off significant others eg if parents shout racist abuse at players, likely to copy
2) Past experience = a negative past experience eg ref giving a foul when it should be can lead to be prejudice towards all refs
3) Media hype = local derbys or teams associated with religious groups eg Celtric v Rangers which can increase prejudice

Question 5

What are the components of attitudes? (the triadic model)

Answer 5

1) Cognitive = beliefs or thoughts eg believe attending the gym helps me keep fit
2) Affective = emotions and feelings eg I enjoy attending the various classes at the gym and I feel energised afterwards
3) Behaviour = actions and responses eg I attend the gym 5 times each week

Question 6

How can attitudes and prejudice be changed?

Answer 6

• punishing prejudice behaviour eg subs or bans
• ensure positive experiences
• Praising positive attitudes and non prejudicial behaviour
• using positive role models to highlight positive attitudes towards activity and non prejudice behaviour
• Generating cognitive dissonance

Question 7

What is the definition of persuasive communication?

Answer 7

• Convincing a performer to change their attitude
• a significant other is needed and their reasonings need to be balanced and clear
• The person must want to change

Question 8

What is cognitive consonance?

Answer 8

Their beliefs and actions are in harmony and the individual’s attitude will be stable

Question 9

How can cognitive consonance be changed?

Answer 9

Cognitive dissonance… (generating unease)

Question 10

How can these negative attitudes be changed?

Cognitive - I think going to the gym is a waste of time
Affective - I hate going to the gym
Behavourial - I don’t go to the gym

Answer 10

• Cognitive = Education, use significant other to explain how attending the gym can make you healthy
• Affective = A positive and variable experience, make it enjoyable
• Behavourial = Persuasive communication (specialist) praise the individual is successful