Attribution theory Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the attribution model…
A
Locus of causality
- Internal = within the performer’s control eg amount of natural ability (stable) or the amount of effort they put in (unstable)
- External = out of performer’s control and determined by the environment eg task difficulty (stable) or luck due to the officials decision (unstable)
2
Q
What is the difference between internal and external and stable and unstable?
A
- Internal = within the performers control
- External = out of the performer’s control and determined by the environment
- Stable = the reason is relatively permanent (remains the same over a long period of time)
- Unstable = changeable
3
Q
What is mastery orientation?
A
- When they perform successfully they attribute it to internal factors eg better ability or put in more effort
- increases self efficacy and able to repeat the success in the future
- show characteristics of a NACH performer and won’t give up if they don’t succeed
- if they fail, they attribute it to external factors such as task difficulty or luck
- this doesn’t decrease their self efficacy
4
Q
What is learned helplessness?
A
- Opposite to mastery orientation
- attribute their failures to internal factors because they have a dis belief in their ability
- It can either be general (bad at all sports) or specific (bad at free kicks) or a single sport
- Occurs with performers with low self efficacy due to past failings
- may be due to unrealistic goals set by the coach
- Share similar characteristics to NAF
5
Q
How can learned helplessness be reduced?
A
- change negative attributions to positive ones (attribution retraining) - increase self efficacy and continue to participate
- should attribute the winnings to internal and failure should be attributed to external (self serving bias)
6
Q
How could coaches build a mastery orientation approach?
A
- Set realistic process and performance goals
- Raise self efficacy (bandura’s model)
- Highlight previous quality performances
- give positive reinforcement
