Personality

Question 1

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

focused on social aspects of family and childhood and their effects on unconscious factors

Inferiority complex

It is the strive for superiority that drives the personality
Birth order and life-style important to development of personality

Answer 1

Alfred Adler

Question 2

Trait

Fundamental Traits
Personality

Answer 2

Gordon Allport

Question 3

Social-Cognitive

Self Efficacy
Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 3

Albert Bandura

Question 4

“Dark side of high self-esteem”

Result of study were that people with inflated high self-esteem were “exceptionally aggressive” after criticism

Answer 4

Roy Baumiester

Question 5

Trait

Co-creator, with her daughter, of an inventory of personality type known as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 5

Katharine Briggs

Question 6

Trait

Co-creator, with her mother, of an inventory of personality type known as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator based on the theories of Carl Jung

Answer 6

Isabel Briggs Myers

Question 7

Trait

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Extraversion & Introversion
Emotionally stable - unstable

Answer 7

Hans Eysenck

Question 8

Trait

Proposed theory of personality based on biological factors

Answer 8

Sybil Eysenck

Question 9

Psychoanalytic

First comprehensive theory of personality
id, ego, and superego
Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
Defense Mechanisms

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Question 10

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

Neurotic personality

Personality is governed by needs (love, approval etc.)
Neurotic personality is a disproportionate intensity of a need

Answer 10

Karen Horney

Question 11

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

Ego is the conscious mind
Unconscious has two parts:
personal unconscious
collective unconscious: considered a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

Introversion/Extraversion

Answer 11

Carl Jung

Question 12

Concept of possible selves
Possible selves include your visions of the self you dream of becoming and the self you fear becoming

Answer 12

Hazel Markus

Question 13

Humanistic

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 13

Abraham Maslow

Question 14

Humanistic

Self Concept
Unconditional Positive Regard

People are basically good
Growth - promoting climate required

Answer 14

Carl Rogers

Question 15

Psychoanalytic

Projective Test
Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 15

Hermann Rorschach

Question 16

Social-Cognitive

Internal Locus of Control
External Locus of Control

Answer 16

Julian Rotter

Question 17

Social-Cognitive

Learned Helplessness

Answer 17

Martin Seligman

Question 18

Trait

Personality according to body type:
Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph

Answer 18

William Sheldon

Question 19

Trait Criticism

People do not act with predictable consistency

Answer 19

Walter Mischel

Question 20

Trait Criticism

It’s hard to predict people’s actions based on personality tests

Answer 20

Seymour Epstein

Question 21

Trait Criticism

Believes that peer reports provide more trustworthy information

Answer 21

David Funder

Question 22

The organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one another

Answer 22

Personality

Question 23

Say whatever comes to mind no matter how embarrassing or trivial.
Leads to unconscious thought and releases memories from childhood

Answer 23

Free Association

Question 24

Method of treating mental disorders which emphasizes unconscious processes and is sometimes described as “depth psychology”

Answer 24

Psychoanalysis

Question 25

Part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions Freud was interested in thoughts and feelings that were unacceptable and therefore, repressed Unacknowledged thoughts and feelings were expressed in disguised forms such as work, beliefs, habits and symptoms

Answer 25

Unconscious

Question 26

1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic Stage 4. Latency Stage 5. Genital Stage

Answer 26

Psychosexual Stages

Question 27

Sexual desires for mother, jealousy towards father -- feelings of guilt about this. Cope with feelings by identifying with same sex parent

Answer 27

Oedipus Complex

Question 28

Process of associating the self closely with other individuals and their characteristics or views

Answer 28

Identification

Question 29

Conflicts that occur in a particular stage When this happens, there is an overindulgence or deprivation according to the stage where fixation occurs

Answer 29

Fixation

Question 30

Reduce or redirect anxiety in various ways Tends to direct reality

Answer 30

Defense Mechanisms

Question 31

Unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing memories (traumatic event)

Answer 31

Repression

Question 32

Retreat to earlier infantile stage where energies are still fixated (go back to sucking thumb when enter school)

Answer 32

Regression

Question 33

Ego makes unacceptable impulses look like opposites (saying you hate someone when you really have a crush on them)

Answer 33

Reaction Formation

Question 34

Disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others (claim your teacher is mean when that is really how you are towards other people)

Answer 34

Projection

Question 35

Self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for feelings/thoughts (I drink because it helps me be social)

Answer 35

Rationalization

Question 36

Divert unfulfilled sexual/anger impulses toward object more psychologically acceptable or less threatening (displace anger onto pet)

Answer 36

Displacement

Question 37

Transform unacceptable impulses into socially valued motivations (Leonardo DaVinci-paintings signify need for intimacy from mother)

Answer 37

Sublimation

Question 38

The refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as if a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist (refuse to recognize evidence that one's partner is cheating)

Answer 38

Denial

Question 39

Considered a residue of the experience of our early ancestors (instincts)

Answer 39

Collective Unconcious

Question 40

Patients are shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe what they see. This reflects their interests, conflicts, unconscious drives, etc.

Answer 40

Projective Test

Question 41

A projective test that involves having people explain what is happening in ambiguous scenes

Answer 41

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 42

Projective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what they see in 10 inkblots

Answer 42

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Question 43

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Answer 43

Terror-management Theory

Question 44

a concept regarding the process by which an individual reaches his or her full potential

Answer 44

Self-actualization

Question 45

An attitude of genuineness, acceptance, and empathy that values us even knowing our failings

Answer 45

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 46

All the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question "Who an I?"

Answer 46

Self-concept

Question 47

Relatively permanent reaction tendency in individuals

Answer 47

Trait

Question 48

a personality assessment device that usually consists of a series of statements covering various characteristics and behavior patterns to which participants responds by choosing among fixed answers as applied to himself or herself

Answer 48

Personality Inventory

Question 49

Assesses personality structure and psychopathology It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues

Answer 49

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 50

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Answer 50

Empirically Derived Test

Question 51

How we, our thoughts, and feelings (cognitive), interact (behavior) with our environment (social)

Answer 51

Social-cognitive Perspective

Question 52

Our personalities are shaped by the interaction of our personal traits (emotions, thoughts etc.). our environment, and our behaviors

Answer 52

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 53

the perceived ability to significantly alter events

Answer 53

Personal Control

Question 54

Attributes his or her success to luck or fate This personal will be less motivated and less likely to make the effort needed to learn People with an external locus of control are more likely to experience anxiety since they believe that they are not in control of their lives

Answer 54

External Locus of Control

Question 55

Attributes success to his or her own efforts and abilities A person who expects to succeed will be more motivated and more likely to learn

Answer 55

Internal Locus of Control

Question 56

Scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning Study of strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organizations to thrive

Answer 56

Positive Psychology

Question 57

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer 57

Self

Question 58

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)

Answer 58

Spotlight Effect

Question 59

one’s feelings of high or low self-worth

Answer 59

Self-esteem

Question 60

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Answer 60

Self-serving Bias

Question 61

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Answer 61

Individualism

Question 62

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Answer 62

Collectivism