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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

focused on social aspects of family and childhood and their effects on unconscious factors

Inferiority complex

It is the strive for superiority that drives the personality
Birth order and life-style important to development of personality

A

Alfred Adler

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2
Q

Trait

Fundamental Traits
Personality

A

Gordon Allport

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3
Q

Social-Cognitive

Self Efficacy
Reciprocal Determinism

A

Albert Bandura

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4
Q

“Dark side of high self-esteem”

Result of study were that people with inflated high self-esteem were “exceptionally aggressive” after criticism

A

Roy Baumiester

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5
Q

Trait

Co-creator, with her daughter, of an inventory of personality type known as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A

Katharine Briggs

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6
Q

Trait

Co-creator, with her mother, of an inventory of personality type known as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator based on the theories of Carl Jung

A

Isabel Briggs Myers

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7
Q

Trait

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Extraversion & Introversion
Emotionally stable - unstable

A

Hans Eysenck

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8
Q

Trait

Proposed theory of personality based on biological factors

A

Sybil Eysenck

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9
Q

Psychoanalytic

First comprehensive theory of personality
id, ego, and superego
Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
Defense Mechanisms

A

Sigmund Freud

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10
Q

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

Neurotic personality

Personality is governed by needs (love, approval etc.)
Neurotic personality is a disproportionate intensity of a need

A

Karen Horney

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11
Q

Psychoanalytic
Neo-Freudian

Ego is the conscious mind
Unconscious has two parts:
personal unconscious
collective unconscious: considered a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

Introversion/Extraversion

A

Carl Jung

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12
Q

Concept of possible selves
Possible selves include your visions of the self you dream of becoming and the self you fear becoming

A

Hazel Markus

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13
Q

Humanistic

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow

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14
Q

Humanistic

Self Concept
Unconditional Positive Regard

People are basically good
Growth - promoting climate required

A

Carl Rogers

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15
Q

Psychoanalytic

Projective Test
Rorschach inkblot test

A

Hermann Rorschach

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16
Q

Social-Cognitive

Internal Locus of Control
External Locus of Control

A

Julian Rotter

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17
Q

Social-Cognitive

Learned Helplessness

A

Martin Seligman

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18
Q

Trait

Personality according to body type:
Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph

A

William Sheldon

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19
Q

Trait Criticism

People do not act with predictable consistency

A

Walter Mischel

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20
Q

Trait Criticism

It’s hard to predict people’s actions based on personality tests

A

Seymour Epstein

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21
Q

Trait Criticism

Believes that peer reports provide more trustworthy information

A

David Funder

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22
Q

The organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one another

A

Personality

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23
Q

Say whatever comes to mind no matter how embarrassing or trivial.
Leads to unconscious thought and releases memories from childhood

A

Free Association

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24
Q

Method of treating mental disorders which emphasizes unconscious processes and is sometimes described as “depth psychology”

A

Psychoanalysis

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25
Q

Part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions

Freud was interested in thoughts and feelings that were unacceptable and therefore, repressed

Unacknowledged thoughts and feelings were expressed in disguised forms such as work, beliefs, habits and symptoms

A

Unconscious

26
Q
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
A

Psychosexual Stages

27
Q

Sexual desires for mother, jealousy towards father – feelings of guilt about this. Cope with feelings by identifying with same sex parent

A

Oedipus Complex

28
Q

Process of associating the self closely with other individuals and their characteristics or views

A

Identification

29
Q

Conflicts that occur in a particular stage
When this happens, there is an overindulgence or deprivation according to the stage where fixation occurs

A

Fixation

30
Q

Reduce or redirect anxiety in various ways
Tends to direct reality

A

Defense Mechanisms

31
Q

Unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing memories (traumatic event)

A

Repression

32
Q

Retreat to earlier infantile stage where energies are still fixated (go back to sucking thumb when enter school)

A

Regression

33
Q

Ego makes unacceptable impulses look like opposites (saying you hate someone when you really have a crush on them)

A

Reaction Formation

34
Q

Disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others (claim your teacher is mean when that is really how you are towards other people)

A

Projection

35
Q

Self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for feelings/thoughts (I drink because it helps me be social)

A

Rationalization

36
Q

Divert unfulfilled sexual/anger impulses toward object more psychologically acceptable or less threatening (displace anger onto pet)

A

Displacement

37
Q

Transform unacceptable impulses into socially valued motivations (Leonardo DaVinci-paintings signify need for intimacy from mother)

A

Sublimation

38
Q

The refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as if a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist (refuse to recognize evidence that one’s partner is cheating)

A

Denial

39
Q

Considered a residue of the experience of our early ancestors (instincts)

A

Collective Unconcious

40
Q

Patients are shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe what they see. This reflects their interests, conflicts, unconscious drives, etc.

A

Projective Test

41
Q

A projective test that involves having people explain what is happening in ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic Apperception Test

42
Q

Projective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what they see in 10 inkblots

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test

43
Q

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

A

Terror-management Theory

44
Q

a concept regarding the process by which an individual reaches his or her full potential

A

Self-actualization

45
Q

An attitude of genuineness, acceptance, and empathy that values us even knowing our failings

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

46
Q

All the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question “Who an I?”

A

Self-concept

47
Q

Relatively permanent reaction tendency in individuals

A

Trait

48
Q

a personality assessment device that usually consists of a series of statements covering various characteristics and behavior patterns to which participants responds by choosing among fixed answers as applied to himself or herself

A

Personality Inventory

49
Q

Assesses personality structure and psychopathology
It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

50
Q

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

A

Empirically Derived Test

51
Q

How we, our thoughts, and feelings (cognitive), interact (behavior) with our environment (social)

A

Social-cognitive Perspective

52
Q

Our personalities are shaped by the interaction of our personal traits (emotions, thoughts etc.). our environment, and our behaviors

A

Reciprocal Determinism

53
Q

the perceived ability to significantly alter events

A

Personal Control

54
Q

Attributes his or her success to luck or fate

This personal will be less motivated and less likely to make the effort needed to learn

People with an external locus of control are more likely to experience anxiety since they believe that they are not in control of their lives

A

External Locus of Control

55
Q

Attributes success to his or her own efforts and abilities

A person who expects to succeed will be more motivated and more likely to learn

A

Internal Locus of Control

56
Q

Scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning
Study of strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organizations to thrive

A

Positive Psychology

57
Q

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

Self

58
Q

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)

A

Spotlight Effect

59
Q

one’s feelings of high or low self-worth

A

Self-esteem

60
Q

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

A

Self-serving Bias

61
Q

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

A

Individualism

62
Q

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

A

Collectivism

Psychology (8 decks)

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