Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Attachment theory
Strange situation

Answer 1

Mary Ainsworth

Question 2

Emerging adulthood
time of life between ages 18-25 be considered “distinct period” called emerging adulthood

Answer 2

Jeffrey Arnett

Question 3

Developed theories about lifespan and wisdom, the selective optimization with compensation theory, and theories about successful aging and developing

Answer 3

Paul Baltes

Question 4

Social learning theory suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn

Answer 4

Albert Bandura

Question 5

evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive

Answer 5

John Bowlby

Question 6

flow is “a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience is so enjoyable that people will continue to do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it”

Answer 6

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Question 7

humans’ personalities continued to develop past the age of five, and he believed that the development of personality depended directly on the resolution of existential crises like trust, autonomy, intimacy, individuality, integrity, and identity

Answer 7

Erik Erikson

Question 8

moral development outlines how a woman’s morality is influenced by relationships and how women form their moral and ethical foundation based on how their decisions will affect others

Answer 8

Carol Gilligan

Question 9

developed his influential concept of “genetic psychology,” based on evolutionary theory, and solidified his reputation as a leading educational reformer

Answer 9

G. Stanley Hall

Question 10

Monkeys Research - nourishing wire mother and non-nourishing cloth mother

16 to 18 hours spent on cloth mother
use nourishing mother for food

Answer 10

Harry Harlow

Question 11

theory that children are influenced more by their genes and peers than by their parents

Answer 11

Judith Harris

Question 12

theory focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behavior is right or wrong

Answer 12

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 13

Research - imprinting occurs when an animal forms an attachment to the first thing it sees upon hatching

Answer 13

Konrad Lorenz

Question 14

Theory of Cognitive Development, children’s intelligence undergoes changes as they grow

Answer 14

Jean Piaget

Question 15

early studies paved the way for today’s recognition of the brain’s ability to grow and to repair itself

Answer 15

Mark Rosenzweig

Question 16

study revealed that intellectual development was heavily influenced by genetic ability, especially among more advantaged children

Answer 16

Sandra Scarr

Question 17

social development theory asserts that a child’s cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social interactions

Answer 17

Lev Vygotsky

Question 18

a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan

Answer 18

Developmental Psychology

Question 19

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Answer 19

Zygote

Question 20

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Answer 20

Embryo

Question 21

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Answer 21

Fetus

Question 22

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Answer 22

Teratogens

Question 23

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

Answer 23

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Question 24

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

Answer 24

Habituation

Question 25

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Answer 25

Maturation

Question 26

mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses

Answer 26

Cognition

Question 27

Ways of looking at the world that organize past experiences and provide framework for understanding future experiences Ways of categorizing and grouping

Answer 27

Schema

Question 28

Interpret an experience so that it fits existing scheme

Answer 28

Assimilation

Question 29

Change existing scheme so it fits current experience

Answer 29

Accommodation

Question 30

Birth to 2 years Experiences are understood in terms of sensations and actions

Answer 30

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 31

Objects that are no longer seen still exist Late in stage

Answer 31

Object Permanence

Question 32

2-7 years Experiences are understood in terms of symbols, but there isn't any logical thinking

Answer 32

Preoperational Stage

Question 33

Matter can change shape, form or position without a change in quantity

Answer 33

Conservation

Question 34

inability to see the world as someone else does and adapt to it, assume others see things the way they do (beginning of stage)

Answer 34

Egocentrism

Question 35

to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own (towards end of stage)

Answer 35

Theory of Mind

Question 36

7-11 years Experiences are understood in terms of concrete symbols and logical manipulation of symbols

Answer 36

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 37

11 years and older Experiences are understood in terms of concrete and abstract symbols with logical manipulation of symbols

Answer 37

Formal Operational Stage

Question 38

a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests may also have different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention

Answer 38

Autism

Question 39

Afraid of unknown people Occurs late in the stage

Answer 39

Stranger Anxiety

Question 40

Emotional tie with another person. Young children seek closeness to caregivers and show distress on separation

Answer 40

Attachment

Question 41

A period shortly after birth when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

Answer 41

Critical Period

Question 42

Ducklings attach to first thing they see after birth

Answer 42

Imprinting

Question 43

A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Answer 43

Temperament

Question 44

an aspect of the social behavior of trust the sense of secure trust in other people that can develop as a result of good mothering

Answer 44

Basic Trust

Question 45

a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others

Answer 45

Self-concept

Question 46

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role From childhood people form concept that help make sense of the world

Answer 46

Gender Typing

Question 47

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Answer 47

Social Learning Theory

Question 48

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

Answer 48

Gender

Question 49

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Answer 49

Aggression

Question 50

the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining femaleness in humans and other mammals

Answer 50

X chromosome

Question 51

the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining maleness in humans and other mammals

Answer 51

Y chromosome

Question 52

responsible for typically male behaviors, such as aggression, competitiveness and superior visuo-spatial abilities

Answer 52

Testosterone

Question 53

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

Answer 53

Role

Question 54

a set of expected behaviors for males or for females

Answer 54

Gender Role

Question 55

our sense of being male or female

Answer 55

Gender Identity

Question 56

Period between puberty and adult independence

Answer 56

Adolescence

Question 57

the stage of development when the genital organs reach maturity and secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, signaling the start of adolescence

Answer 57

Puberty

Question 58

features directly involved in reproduction of the species

Answer 58

Primary Sex Characteristics

Question 59

features not directly concerned with reproduction, such as voice quality, facial hair, and breast size

Answer 59

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Question 60

the first incidence of menstruation in a female, marking the onset of puberty

Answer 60

Menarche

Question 61

an individual's sense of self

Answer 61

Identity

Question 62

the ways that people's self-concepts are based on their membership in social groups

Answer 62

Social Identity

Question 63

a quality of a relationship in which the individuals must have reciprocal feelings of trust and emotional closeness toward each other and are able to openly communicate thoughts and feelings with each other

Answer 63

Intimacy

Question 64

a period of development spanning from about ages 18 to 29, experienced by most people in their twenties in Westernized cultures and perhaps in other parts of the world as well

Answer 64

Emerging Adulthood

Question 65

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

Answer 65

Menopause

Question 66

Researchers collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time

Answer 66

Cross-sectional Study

Question 67

Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

Answer 67

Longitudinal Study

Question 68

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Answer 68

Crystallized Intelligence

Question 69

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Answer 69

Fluid Intelligence

Question 70

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Answer 70

Social Clock