Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment theory
Strange situation

A

Mary Ainsworth

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2
Q

Emerging adulthood
time of life between ages 18-25 be considered “distinct period” called emerging adulthood

A

Jeffrey Arnett

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3
Q

Developed theories about lifespan and wisdom, the selective optimization with compensation theory, and theories about successful aging and developing

A

Paul Baltes

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4
Q

Social learning theory suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn

A

Albert Bandura

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5
Q

evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive

A

John Bowlby

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6
Q

flow is “a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience is so enjoyable that people will continue to do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it”

A

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

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7
Q

humans’ personalities continued to develop past the age of five, and he believed that the development of personality depended directly on the resolution of existential crises like trust, autonomy, intimacy, individuality, integrity, and identity

A

Erik Erikson

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8
Q

moral development outlines how a woman’s morality is influenced by relationships and how women form their moral and ethical foundation based on how their decisions will affect others

A

Carol Gilligan

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9
Q

developed his influential concept of “genetic psychology,” based on evolutionary theory, and solidified his reputation as a leading educational reformer

A

G. Stanley Hall

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10
Q

Monkeys Research - nourishing wire mother and non-nourishing cloth mother

16 to 18 hours spent on cloth mother
use nourishing mother for food

A

Harry Harlow

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11
Q

theory that children are influenced more by their genes and peers than by their parents

A

Judith Harris

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12
Q

theory focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behavior is right or wrong

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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13
Q

Research - imprinting occurs when an animal forms an attachment to the first thing it sees upon hatching

A

Konrad Lorenz

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14
Q

Theory of Cognitive Development, children’s intelligence undergoes changes as they grow

A

Jean Piaget

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15
Q

early studies paved the way for today’s recognition of the brain’s ability to grow and to repair itself

A

Mark Rosenzweig

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16
Q

study revealed that intellectual development was heavily influenced by genetic ability, especially among more advantaged children

A

Sandra Scarr

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17
Q

social development theory asserts that a child’s cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social interactions

A

Lev Vygotsky

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18
Q

a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan

A

Developmental Psychology

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19
Q

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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20
Q

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

A

Embryo

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21
Q

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

A

Fetus

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22
Q

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

A

Teratogens

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23
Q

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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24
Q

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

A

Habituation

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25
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
Maturation
26
mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses
Cognition
27
Ways of looking at the world that organize past experiences and provide framework for understanding future experiences Ways of categorizing and grouping
Schema
28
Interpret an experience so that it fits existing scheme
Assimilation
29
Change existing scheme so it fits current experience
Accommodation
30
Birth to 2 years Experiences are understood in terms of sensations and actions
Sensorimotor Stage
31
Objects that are no longer seen still exist Late in stage
Object Permanence
32
2-7 years Experiences are understood in terms of symbols, but there isn't any logical thinking
Preoperational Stage
33
Matter can change shape, form or position without a change in quantity
Conservation
34
inability to see the world as someone else does and adapt to it, assume others see things the way they do (beginning of stage)
Egocentrism
35
to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own (towards end of stage)
Theory of Mind
36
7-11 years Experiences are understood in terms of concrete symbols and logical manipulation of symbols
Concrete Operational Stage
37
11 years and older Experiences are understood in terms of concrete and abstract symbols with logical manipulation of symbols
Formal Operational Stage
38
a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests may also have different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention
Autism
39
Afraid of unknown people Occurs late in the stage
Stranger Anxiety
40
Emotional tie with another person. Young children seek closeness to caregivers and show distress on separation
Attachment
41
A period shortly after birth when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development
Critical Period
42
Ducklings attach to first thing they see after birth
Imprinting
43
A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Temperament
44
an aspect of the social behavior of trust the sense of secure trust in other people that can develop as a result of good mothering
Basic Trust
45
a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others
Self-concept
46
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role From childhood people form concept that help make sense of the world
Gender Typing
47
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
48
the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female
Gender
49
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
50
the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining femaleness in humans and other mammals
X chromosome
51
the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining maleness in humans and other mammals
Y chromosome
52
responsible for typically male behaviors, such as aggression, competitiveness and superior visuo-spatial abilities
Testosterone
53
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
54
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females
Gender Role
55
our sense of being male or female
Gender Identity
56
Period between puberty and adult independence
Adolescence
57
the stage of development when the genital organs reach maturity and secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, signaling the start of adolescence
Puberty
58
features directly involved in reproduction of the species
Primary Sex Characteristics
59
features not directly concerned with reproduction, such as voice quality, facial hair, and breast size
Secondary Sex Characteristics
60
the first incidence of menstruation in a female, marking the onset of puberty
Menarche
61
an individual's sense of self
Identity
62
the ways that people's self-concepts are based on their membership in social groups
Social Identity
63
a quality of a relationship in which the individuals must have reciprocal feelings of trust and emotional closeness toward each other and are able to openly communicate thoughts and feelings with each other
Intimacy
64
a period of development spanning from about ages 18 to 29, experienced by most people in their twenties in Westernized cultures and perhaps in other parts of the world as well
Emerging Adulthood
65
The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Menopause
66
Researchers collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time
Cross-sectional Study
67
Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time
Longitudinal Study
68
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Crystallized Intelligence
69
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
Fluid Intelligence
70
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
Social Clock