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Psychology > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment theory
Strange situation

A

Mary Ainsworth

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2
Q

Emerging adulthood
time of life between ages 18-25 be considered “distinct period” called emerging adulthood

A

Jeffrey Arnett

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3
Q

Developed theories about lifespan and wisdom, the selective optimization with compensation theory, and theories about successful aging and developing

A

Paul Baltes

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4
Q

Social learning theory suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn

A

Albert Bandura

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5
Q

evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive

A

John Bowlby

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6
Q

flow is “a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience is so enjoyable that people will continue to do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it”

A

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

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7
Q

humans’ personalities continued to develop past the age of five, and he believed that the development of personality depended directly on the resolution of existential crises like trust, autonomy, intimacy, individuality, integrity, and identity

A

Erik Erikson

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8
Q

moral development outlines how a woman’s morality is influenced by relationships and how women form their moral and ethical foundation based on how their decisions will affect others

A

Carol Gilligan

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9
Q

developed his influential concept of “genetic psychology,” based on evolutionary theory, and solidified his reputation as a leading educational reformer

A

G. Stanley Hall

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10
Q

Monkeys Research - nourishing wire mother and non-nourishing cloth mother

16 to 18 hours spent on cloth mother
use nourishing mother for food

A

Harry Harlow

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11
Q

theory that children are influenced more by their genes and peers than by their parents

A

Judith Harris

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12
Q

theory focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behavior is right or wrong

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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13
Q

Research - imprinting occurs when an animal forms an attachment to the first thing it sees upon hatching

A

Konrad Lorenz

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14
Q

Theory of Cognitive Development, children’s intelligence undergoes changes as they grow

A

Jean Piaget

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15
Q

early studies paved the way for today’s recognition of the brain’s ability to grow and to repair itself

A

Mark Rosenzweig

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16
Q

study revealed that intellectual development was heavily influenced by genetic ability, especially among more advantaged children

A

Sandra Scarr

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17
Q

social development theory asserts that a child’s cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social interactions

A

Lev Vygotsky

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18
Q

a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan

A

Developmental Psychology

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19
Q

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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20
Q

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

A

Embryo

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21
Q

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

A

Fetus

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22
Q

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

A

Teratogens

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23
Q

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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24
Q

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

A

Habituation

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25
Q

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

A

Maturation

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26
Q

mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses

A

Cognition

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27
Q

Ways of looking at the world that organize past experiences and provide framework for understanding future experiences

Ways of categorizing and grouping

A

Schema

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28
Q

Interpret an experience so that it fits existing scheme

A

Assimilation

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29
Q

Change existing scheme so it fits current experience

A

Accommodation

30
Q

Birth to 2 years
Experiences are understood in terms of sensations and actions

A

Sensorimotor Stage

31
Q

Objects that are no longer seen still exist
Late in stage

A

Object Permanence

32
Q

2-7 years
Experiences are understood in terms of symbols, but there isn’t any logical thinking

A

Preoperational Stage

33
Q

Matter can change shape, form or position without a change in quantity

A

Conservation

34
Q

inability to see the world as someone else does and adapt to it, assume others see things the way they do (beginning of stage)

A

Egocentrism

35
Q

to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one’s own (towards end of stage)

A

Theory of Mind

36
Q

7-11 years
Experiences are understood in terms of concrete symbols and logical manipulation of symbols

A

Concrete Operational Stage

37
Q

11 years and older
Experiences are understood in terms of concrete and abstract symbols with logical manipulation of symbols

A

Formal Operational Stage

38
Q

a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain
often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests
may also have different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention

A

Autism

39
Q

Afraid of unknown people
Occurs late in the stage

A

Stranger Anxiety

40
Q

Emotional tie with another person. Young children seek closeness to caregivers and show distress on separation

A

Attachment

41
Q

A period shortly after birth when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

A

Critical Period

42
Q

Ducklings attach to first thing they see after birth

A

Imprinting

43
Q

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

A

Temperament

44
Q

an aspect of the social behavior of trust
the sense of secure trust in other people that can develop as a result of good mothering

A

Basic Trust

45
Q

a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others

A

Self-concept

46
Q

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
From childhood people form concept that help make sense of the world

A

Gender Typing

47
Q

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

A

Social Learning Theory

48
Q

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

A

Gender

49
Q

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

Aggression

50
Q

the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining femaleness in humans and other mammals

A

X chromosome

51
Q

the sex chromosome that is responsible for determining maleness in humans and other mammals

A

Y chromosome

52
Q

responsible for typically male behaviors, such as aggression, competitiveness and superior visuo-spatial abilities

A

Testosterone

53
Q

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

Role

54
Q

a set of expected behaviors for males or for females

A

Gender Role

55
Q

our sense of being male or female

A

Gender Identity

56
Q

Period between puberty and adult independence

A

Adolescence

57
Q

the stage of development when the genital organs reach maturity and secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, signaling the start of adolescence

A

Puberty

58
Q

features directly involved in reproduction of the species

A

Primary Sex Characteristics

59
Q

features not directly concerned with reproduction, such as voice quality, facial hair, and breast size

A

Secondary Sex Characteristics

60
Q

the first incidence of menstruation in a female, marking the onset of puberty

A

Menarche

61
Q

an individual’s sense of self

A

Identity

62
Q

the ways that people’s self-concepts are based on their membership in social groups

A

Social Identity

63
Q

a quality of a relationship in which the individuals must have reciprocal feelings of trust and emotional closeness toward each other and are able to openly communicate thoughts and feelings with each other

A

Intimacy

64
Q

a period of development spanning from about ages 18 to 29, experienced by most people in their twenties in Westernized cultures and perhaps in other parts of the world as well

A

Emerging Adulthood

65
Q

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

A

Menopause

66
Q

Researchers collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time

A

Cross-sectional Study

67
Q

Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

A

Longitudinal Study

68
Q

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

A

Crystallized Intelligence

69
Q

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

A

Fluid Intelligence

70
Q

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

A

Social Clock

Psychology (8 decks)

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