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PSYCH 102 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Who/What is the self?

A

A set of stable characteristics of how we interact with the world, interpret the world, and how we behave.

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2
Q

Early Approaches

A

Hippocrates, Galen, Gall, Kant

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3
Q

Hippocrates

A

medical model - Four temperaments based on four fluids, “humors”

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4
Q

humours (medical model)

A
  1. Sanguine 2. Phlegmatic 3. Melancholic 4. Choleric
    1 social, eager and optimistic
    2 Calm, reliable, thoughtful
    3 reserved, unhappy
    4 passionate, ambitious and bold
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5
Q

Galen

A

greek philosopher and physician

personality and disease are caused by imbalances in the humours

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6
Q

Gall

A

Phrenology

Brain would develop to lead to personality traits
(sections of the brain for different traits)

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7
Q

Kant

A

Traits added to humors
Melancholic - anxious, worried, unhappy, suspicious, serious, thoughtful
Phlegmatic resonable, principled, controlled, calm, persistant
Sanguine - playful, easygoing, sociable, hopefull
Choleric - excitable, egocentric, active, impulsive

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8
Q

The first comprehensive theory of personality

A

Freud
Triarchic Theory of personality

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9
Q

Triarchic Theory of personality

A

Id Ego Superego

Ego balances ID and superego

Imbalances lead to
Neurosis (tendency to experience negative emotions)
Anxiety disorders
Unhealthy behaviour

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10
Q

Overdevelop (triarchic theory)

A

Superego - experiences guilt, denies simple pleasures
Id - Narcissistic, impulsive

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11
Q

Id

A

unconscious
Primitive drives (food, water sex)
Pleasure principle: what I want, I want it now

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12
Q

Ego

A

unconscious/conscious
Reality principle: looks for id’s desires in reality
Rational part of our personality

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13
Q

Superego

A

unconscious/conscious
Moral compass (socialized)
Learned

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms (Ego)

A

Egos attempt to restore balance to the system
Defense mechanisms are enacted by the unconscious mind
Unaware that we are using them
Protective function

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15
Q

Defense Mechanisms (list)

A

Denial

Displacement

Projection

Rationalization

Reaction Formation

Regression

Repression

Sublimation

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16
Q

Denial

A

refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant

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17
Q

Displacement

A

displace your aggressive/unwanted thoughts onto something more socially acceptable

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18
Q

Projection

A

You project your feelings of anger unto the other person (as they are their feelings)

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19
Q

Rationalization

A

Justify your behavior by substituting unacceptable reasons or acceptable 1s

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20
Q

Reaction Formation

A

substitute negative emotions/ feeling with opposite (ex saying you like someone you don’t)

21
Q

Regression

A

Revert to an early stage in life where things were simpler/ didn’t have to deal

22
Q

Repression

A

Where the dark dark dark feelings are shoved into the deepest corners of your mind

23
Q

Sublimation

A

When you channel your unwanted energy into something positive

24
Q

Freud motivation stages

A

Oral Stage (0-18 months)
Libido focuses on mouth (biting, sucking, chewing)
Fixation: nail biting vs. dental hygiene
Anal Stage (18 - 36 months)
Libido focuses on bowel/bladder control
Fixation: uptight vs messy
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
Genitals - cope with incestuous feeling
Fixation vain/overly ambitious
Latency Stage (6-puberty)
Dormant
Dormant: consolidate gender-role identity
Genital Stage (puberty onwards)

25
Behaviourists
Our personality is shaped by our environment Through Learning principles of reinforcement/punishment Personality develops across the lifespan Personality is not fixed One has to interact with a stimulus to directly experience the reinforcement Proven not entirely accurate as you can learn from observation not just direct experience
26
Albert Bandure
Kids in front of tv Teacher would interact with the doll in some way Kids would mimic and expand on these behaviors Put the children to watch teachers sometimes were scolded Did not re create when those behaviors were punished
27
Social cognitive perspective
Our cognitions interact with behaviours and environments to each shape the other
28
Reciprocal determinism
Cognition -> Environment -> Behaviours _> reinforces cognition Can go in any order Our cognitions behaviours and environments all influence eachother Our behaviours lead us to certain situations and to engage in certain behaviours , and these in turn reinforce our personality traits
29
Internal locaus of control
I believe I have the power over my life I make things happen Your effort anf your decisions determine your ooutcones If something bad is in your life, you have the power to change it Tend to be healthier study harder get better grades achieve more in career
30
External locus of control
Outcomes are beyond your control Life happens to me Luck and fate have more power over my outcomes than I do (debated) give more lenient punishment for crimes
31
Trait theory (traits) (1922) Allport
Cardianl traits A dingle trait that describes their whole personality Few people have these traits Central traits: Main ways in which we describe ourselves Secondary traits: Not obvious, do not regularly appear only in certain situations
32
Allports trait theory
Thorough description of personality You have it or you dont
33
Catel and 16PF
Universal traits? 185 items - 16 personality dimensions Traits not necessarily present or absent but along a continumum
34
The big five(traits)
Openness to new experiences Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeab;eness Neuroticism OCEAN
35
Extroversion (trait)
Outgoing and warm Friendly Like to meet people Make friends easily Recharge by making friends with others More likely to report more friends and happiness Not (Introvert) Recharges spending time by themselves
36
Agreeablness (trait)
Easygoing polite friendly More close friends enjoy working with other Not Uptight, rude, unfriendly\
37
Conscientious (trait)
Hardworking self disciplined, self directed Less likely messy room, more likely to stick to deadlines Not Tardy and disorganized
38
Neuroticism (trait)
Negative mentions, stressed Fewer friends, worse health, unhappier, stressed Stable Happier less negative focus
39
Opneness to new experiences (trait)
More creative, think more divergently, drink New food, new people
40
Personality Genetics and Stability
Significate genetic component Correlation of personality scores 30 years later Room for change Personalit a tree Trunk (core) is there Branches sway
41
Culture and Personality
(Culture) Beleifs, customs, art, traditions of a particular society Transmitted througg language and socialization Influence on personality (ie personality tests filled out in different languages produce different results)
42
How universal are the big 5?
Emerges most in western civilizations Replicates across all cultures Extraversion/Agreeable/conscientiousness In other cultures: 6th factor, honesty or propriety China: Harmony / dignity Spanish: Good Natured / unconventional
43
Selective migration
Happier when a persons environment matches their personality Evidence of personality clusters People chose to live in places compatible with their personalities
44
The Person - Situation Controversy
Is behavior predicted by traits or by situational factors
45
Average correlation between trait and behavior
r = .30
46
Strong situations
Dictate behaviours Same behaviour different traits
47
Weak situations
Does not dictate behaviour Different behaviour different traits
48
Trait theory assumes
Traits are the true predictors of behaviour

PSYCH 102 (10 decks)

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