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PSYCH 102 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Who/What is the self?

A

A set of stable characteristics of how we interact with the world, interpret the world, and how we behave.

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2
Q

Early Approaches

A

Hippocrates, Galen, Gall, Kant

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3
Q

Hippocrates

A

medical model - Four temperaments based on four fluids, “humors”

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4
Q

humours (medical model)

A
  1. Sanguine 2. Phlegmatic 3. Melancholic 4. Choleric
    1 social, eager and optimistic
    2 Calm, reliable, thoughtful
    3 reserved, unhappy
    4 passionate, ambitious and bold
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5
Q

Galen

A

greek philosopher and physician

personality and disease are caused by imbalances in the humours

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6
Q

Gall

A

Phrenology

Brain would develop to lead to personality traits
(sections of the brain for different traits)

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7
Q

Kant

A

Traits added to humors
Melancholic - anxious, worried, unhappy, suspicious, serious, thoughtful
Phlegmatic resonable, principled, controlled, calm, persistant
Sanguine - playful, easygoing, sociable, hopefull
Choleric - excitable, egocentric, active, impulsive

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8
Q

The first comprehensive theory of personality

A

Freud
Triarchic Theory of personality

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9
Q

Triarchic Theory of personality

A

Id Ego Superego

Ego balances ID and superego

Imbalances lead to
Neurosis (tendency to experience negative emotions)
Anxiety disorders
Unhealthy behaviour

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10
Q

Overdevelop (triarchic theory)

A

Superego - experiences guilt, denies simple pleasures
Id - Narcissistic, impulsive

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11
Q

Id

A

unconscious
Primitive drives (food, water sex)
Pleasure principle: what I want, I want it now

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12
Q

Ego

A

unconscious/conscious
Reality principle: looks for id’s desires in reality
Rational part of our personality

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13
Q

Superego

A

unconscious/conscious
Moral compass (socialized)
Learned

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms (Ego)

A

Egos attempt to restore balance to the system
Defense mechanisms are enacted by the unconscious mind
Unaware that we are using them
Protective function

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15
Q

Defense Mechanisms (list)

A

Denial

Displacement

Projection

Rationalization

Reaction Formation

Regression

Repression

Sublimation

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16
Q

Denial

A

refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant

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17
Q

Displacement

A

displace your aggressive/unwanted thoughts onto something more socially acceptable

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18
Q

Projection

A

You project your feelings of anger unto the other person (as they are their feelings)

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19
Q

Rationalization

A

Justify your behavior by substituting unacceptable reasons or acceptable 1s

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20
Q

Reaction Formation

A

substitute negative emotions/ feeling with opposite (ex saying you like someone you don’t)

21
Q

Regression

A

Revert to an early stage in life where things were simpler/ didn’t have to deal

22
Q

Repression

A

Where the dark dark dark feelings are shoved into the deepest corners of your mind

23
Q

Sublimation

A

When you channel your unwanted energy into something positive

24
Q

Freud motivation stages

A

Oral Stage (0-18 months)
Libido focuses on mouth (biting, sucking, chewing)
Fixation: nail biting vs. dental hygiene
Anal Stage (18 - 36 months)
Libido focuses on bowel/bladder control
Fixation: uptight vs messy
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
Genitals - cope with incestuous feeling
Fixation vain/overly ambitious
Latency Stage (6-puberty)
Dormant
Dormant: consolidate gender-role identity
Genital Stage (puberty onwards)

25
Q

Behaviourists

A

Our personality is shaped by our environment

Through Learning principles of reinforcement/punishment

Personality develops across the lifespan

Personality is not fixed

One has to interact with a stimulus to directly experience the reinforcement

Proven not entirely accurate as you can learn from observation not just direct experience

26
Q

Albert Bandure

A

Kids in front of tv
Teacher would interact with the doll in some way
Kids would mimic and expand on these behaviors
Put the children to watch teachers sometimes were scolded
Did not re create when those behaviors were punished

27
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Our cognitions interact with behaviours and environments to each shape the other

28
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Cognition -> Environment -> Behaviours _> reinforces cognition
Can go in any order

Our cognitions behaviours and environments all influence eachother
Our behaviours lead us to certain situations and to engage in certain behaviours , and these in turn reinforce our personality traits

29
Q

Internal locaus of control

A

I believe I have the power over my life
I make things happen
Your effort anf your decisions determine your ooutcones
If something bad is in your life, you have the power to change it
Tend to be healthier study harder get better grades achieve more in career

30
Q

External locus of control

A

Outcomes are beyond your control
Life happens to me
Luck and fate have more power over my outcomes than I do
(debated) give more lenient punishment for crimes

31
Q

Trait theory (traits)
(1922) Allport

A

Cardianl traits
A dingle trait that describes their whole personality
Few people have these traits
Central traits:
Main ways in which we describe ourselves
Secondary traits:
Not obvious, do not regularly appear only in certain situations

32
Q

Allports trait theory

A

Thorough description of personality
You have it or you dont

33
Q

Catel and 16PF

A

Universal traits?
185 items - 16 personality dimensions
Traits not necessarily present or absent but along a continumum

34
Q

The big five(traits)

A

Openness to new experiences
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeab;eness
Neuroticism
OCEAN

35
Q

Extroversion (trait)

A

Outgoing and warm
Friendly
Like to meet people
Make friends easily
Recharge by making friends with others
More likely to report more friends and happiness
Not (Introvert)
Recharges spending time by themselves

36
Q

Agreeablness (trait)

A

Easygoing polite friendly
More close friends enjoy working with other
Not
Uptight, rude, unfriendly\

37
Q

Conscientious (trait)

A

Hardworking self disciplined, self directed
Less likely messy room, more likely to stick to deadlines
Not
Tardy and disorganized

38
Q

Neuroticism (trait)

A

Negative mentions, stressed
Fewer friends, worse health, unhappier, stressed
Stable
Happier less negative focus

39
Q

Opneness to new experiences (trait)

A

More creative, think more divergently, drink
New food, new people

40
Q

Personality Genetics and Stability

A

Significate genetic component
Correlation of personality scores 30 years later
Room for change

Personalit a tree

Trunk (core) is there
Branches sway

41
Q

Culture and Personality

A

(Culture) Beleifs, customs, art, traditions of a particular society
Transmitted througg language and socialization
Influence on personality (ie personality tests filled out in different languages produce different results)

42
Q

How universal are the big 5?

A

Emerges most in western civilizations
Replicates across all cultures
Extraversion/Agreeable/conscientiousness
In other cultures:
6th factor, honesty or propriety
China: Harmony / dignity
Spanish: Good Natured / unconventional

43
Q

Selective migration

A

Happier when a persons environment matches their personality
Evidence of personality clusters
People chose to live in places compatible with their personalities

44
Q

The Person - Situation Controversy

A

Is behavior predicted by traits or by situational factors

45
Q

Average correlation between trait and behavior

A

r = .30

46
Q

Strong situations

A

Dictate behaviours
Same behaviour different traits

47
Q

Weak situations

A

Does not dictate behaviour
Different behaviour different traits

48
Q

Trait theory assumes

A

Traits are the true predictors of behaviour

PSYCH 102 (10 decks)

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