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PSYCH 102 > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation VS Behaviour

A

Motivation differ, behavior is the same n- ex sitting in lecture taking psych
Motivation - motif - to move
Wants and needs that move you
A process that energizes guides and maintains behaviour towards a goal

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2
Q

Categories of motivation

A

Biological
Individual
Social
Hierarchy

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3
Q

William James (Biological)

A

( father of funtionalism)
Instincts - unlearned behaviour complex patterns
Ie cry when we are born, bee formation, etc
Every animal shows that same instinct (ex all birds want to migrate not one)
Teeth grinding
Naming behaviours rather than explaining them
Behaviourist interested in instincts

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4
Q

Biological motivations (Biological)

A

(behaviorists)
Maintaining homeostasis - actions by the body to keep itself in physiological equilibrium
Equilibrium - state of physiological balance
Drives - internal states caused by physiological needs

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5
Q

Deviation from equilibrium (biological)

A

Food water - hungry thirsty - drink eat (drive reducing behaviours)

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6
Q

Drive reduction theory
(biological)

A

Any behaviour that has a positive outcome will be repeated
Repetition becomeas a habit

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7
Q

Yerkes Dodson Law
(biological)

A

Inverted U
More arousal more performance, too much arousal performance starts to go back down
Changes for easy tasks and difficult

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8
Q

Individual motivations

A

Intrinsic
extrinsic
individual
self efficacy

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9
Q

Intrinsic Motivations
(individual)

A

“I love psych”, passion, rewarding, motivation from within

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10
Q

Extrinsic Motivation
(individual)

A

External reward, prereq, avoid punishment, external motivation

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11
Q

Intrinsic and Extrinsic interaction
(individual)

A

They interact
Can push each other
Reinforced with extrinsic motivators can decrease intrinsic motivators
Ex why am i playing sax not for money now

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12
Q

Individual motivation (ex and In)

A

Started out high on intrinsic motivation
As soon as i got paid (extrinsic tangible) - decrease in intrinsic motivation
Unexpected extrinsic motivation (praise) increased intrinsic motivation
Lack of expected praise decreases intrinsic
Expectation is also extrinsic

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13
Q

Self efficacy (individual)

A

What are the outcomes of my actions
Motivation comes from our expectation of the consequences of our behaviour

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14
Q

Social motivation

A

Achievement motivation
Accomplishment and performance

Affiliation
Social connectedness

Intimacy
Deep, meaningful relationships

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15
Q

Hierarchy Motivation

A

Heirarchy of needs (Maslow)

Self actua;ization
Esteem Beeds
Belongingness and love needs
saftey needs
physiological needs

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16
Q

Self actualization

A

Need to live up to our unique and fullest potential

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17
Q

Esteem needs

A

Self esteem achievement competence independence need for recognition and respect from others

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18
Q

Belongingness and love needs

A

To love and be loved, belong and accepted, need to avoid loneliness and separation

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19
Q

Safety needs

A

World is organized and predictable, feel safe secure and stable

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20
Q

Physiological needs

A

Satisfy hunger and thirst

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21
Q

Additional Hiereachy layer (top)

A

Self transendence
- extends to humanity

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22
Q

Slef actualized people

A

2%

Motehr theresa, jane assams, abraham lincoln, beethoven
Superior perception of reality
Accepts self and others
Identifies with human species
Has more peak experiences

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23
Q

Maslow theory (heirarchy) critiques

A

Assumes Higher level needs trump lower level needs
Not scientific no control group
Culturally biased

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24
Q

Motivation and Hunger

A

Hypothalamus

25
Q

Anatomy of hunger

A

Horomones, metabolism, set point theory

26
Q

Hunger horomones

A

Ghrelin, Orexin, Leptin, (dopamine)

27
Q

Ghrelin

A

(released by stomach)
Hypothalamus recognizes it and produces
Orexin

28
Q

Orexin

A

(released by hypothalamus)
Why we feel hungry

29
Q

Leptin

A

Fat cells release
Must be feeling full
Decrease in enjoyment of eating
Inhibits the function of dopamine

30
Q

Hyperphagia

A

More ghrelin
always hungry, weight gain, diabetes

31
Q

Leptin deficiency

A

eating is very rewarding

32
Q

Metabolism

A

Catabolism(breaks down food)/anabolsim(storage of energy)
Set trait
general place where weight fluctuates

33
Q

Metabolic rate

A

amount of energy expended in a given period of time
Variteties
Minimum energy is basic metabolic rate

34
Q

Set point Theory

A

Ideal weight (set point)
resistant to change
genetically set
body compensates when attempting undergoing extreme weight change

35
Q

Evidence Against Set pont Theory

A

Social network influences your weight
Friend becomes obese - 57% chance you do too
Sibling - 50%
Spouse - 50%

36
Q

Obese

A

BMI>30

30% world obese
Canada 64%
No country has reduced obesity rate past 30 y
Die 3 - 7 years earlier
Lilet depression lower self esteem, earn less, more health problems

37
Q

BMI

A

Body Mass Index
Not accurate

38
Q

Sociology of obesity

A

Compared to grandparents we are becoming more sedentary
Greater availability of fast food
Increasing wealth gap
Racialized individual do not have the time/financial resources to eat well/exercise
Increase straining on precious resources

39
Q

Food and familiarity

A

Food tastes are culturally determined
Ex famines, people are sent things they aren’t used too - more starvation

40
Q

Eating disorders (def)

A

Maladaptive and persistent eating behaviours that negatively impact your health, emotions and ability to function in important areas of life
Social/Cultural factors and genetic factors play

41
Q

Eating disorders (list)

A

Anorexia
Bulimia
Binge Eating disorder
Other specified feeding or eating disorders
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Pica
Rumination Disorder
Unspecified Feeding or eating disorder

42
Q

Anorexia

A

Low body weight
Intense fear or gaining weight/drive for thinness
Distorted body image -> body dysmorphia
High value on controlling weight and shape
Restrictive eating/starvation, excessive exercise

43
Q

ANorexia health outcomes

A

Bone loss
Kidney failure
Heart failure
Amenorrhea
Reduced function of gonads
Death
Increase risk for psychological problems

44
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Binge eating
Behaviors to compensate for the large amount of food consumed
Purging, laxative use, excessive exercise, enemas, etc
Fear avoidance of gaining weight
Self evaluation is tied to body weight
Sub Types
Purging and Non Purging

45
Q

Bulimia Nervosa health outcomes

A

Kidney failure
Tooth decay
Heart failure
Increased risk for psychological problems

46
Q

Ghrelin and Leptin in EDs

A

High levels of ghrelin in anorexia
No leptin

47
Q

Core Motivations of Sex

A

Pleasure
Procreation

48
Q

Biology of Sex

A

Hypothalamus
Nucleus Accumbens
Amygdala

49
Q

Damage to hypothalamus

A

Ability

50
Q

Motivation (sex)

A

limbic system- nucleus and amygdala
(hypothalamus and hormone secretion)

51
Q

Men (horomones)

A

Androgens
Testosterone

52
Q

Women (horomones)

A

Oestrogens
Estradiol

53
Q

LGBTQ+ stats

A

3-10%

54
Q

Sexuality and Brain

A

differences in sizes of hypothalamus and amygdala

and stimulants

55
Q

gender dysphoria

A

gender identity is at odds with biological sex - causes discomfort

56
Q

Genetic component (sexuality)

A

Twins 50% chance other twin is also trans*
CYP 17 gene

57
Q

Brain structure sexuality

A

aligns with experienced gender

58
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

Women
Interested
Experienced
Both men and women
Mastrubated
Homosexual - Bisexual - heterosexual

59
Q

SAM vs HPA

A

SAM is instant (adreneline)
Thalamus-Hypothalamus-Adrenal Medulla

HPA axis is slower (cortisol to oppress immune system)
“” adrenal cortext

PSYCH 102 (10 decks)

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