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PSYCH 102 > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation VS Behaviour

A

Motivation differ, behavior is the same n- ex sitting in lecture taking psych
Motivation - motif - to move
Wants and needs that move you
A process that energizes guides and maintains behaviour towards a goal

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2
Q

Categories of motivation

A

Biological
Individual
Social
Hierarchy

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3
Q

William James (Biological)

A

( father of funtionalism)
Instincts - unlearned behaviour complex patterns
Ie cry when we are born, bee formation, etc
Every animal shows that same instinct (ex all birds want to migrate not one)
Teeth grinding
Naming behaviours rather than explaining them
Behaviourist interested in instincts

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4
Q

Biological motivations (Biological)

A

(behaviorists)
Maintaining homeostasis - actions by the body to keep itself in physiological equilibrium
Equilibrium - state of physiological balance
Drives - internal states caused by physiological needs

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5
Q

Deviation from equilibrium (biological)

A

Food water - hungry thirsty - drink eat (drive reducing behaviours)

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6
Q

Drive reduction theory
(biological)

A

Any behaviour that has a positive outcome will be repeated
Repetition becomeas a habit

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7
Q

Yerkes Dodson Law
(biological)

A

Inverted U
More arousal more performance, too much arousal performance starts to go back down
Changes for easy tasks and difficult

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8
Q

Individual motivations

A

Intrinsic
extrinsic
individual
self efficacy

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9
Q

Intrinsic Motivations
(individual)

A

“I love psych”, passion, rewarding, motivation from within

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10
Q

Extrinsic Motivation
(individual)

A

External reward, prereq, avoid punishment, external motivation

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11
Q

Intrinsic and Extrinsic interaction
(individual)

A

They interact
Can push each other
Reinforced with extrinsic motivators can decrease intrinsic motivators
Ex why am i playing sax not for money now

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12
Q

Individual motivation (ex and In)

A

Started out high on intrinsic motivation
As soon as i got paid (extrinsic tangible) - decrease in intrinsic motivation
Unexpected extrinsic motivation (praise) increased intrinsic motivation
Lack of expected praise decreases intrinsic
Expectation is also extrinsic

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13
Q

Self efficacy (individual)

A

What are the outcomes of my actions
Motivation comes from our expectation of the consequences of our behaviour

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14
Q

Social motivation

A

Achievement motivation
Accomplishment and performance

Affiliation
Social connectedness

Intimacy
Deep, meaningful relationships

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15
Q

Hierarchy Motivation

A

Heirarchy of needs (Maslow)

Self actua;ization
Esteem Beeds
Belongingness and love needs
saftey needs
physiological needs

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16
Q

Self actualization

A

Need to live up to our unique and fullest potential

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17
Q

Esteem needs

A

Self esteem achievement competence independence need for recognition and respect from others

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18
Q

Belongingness and love needs

A

To love and be loved, belong and accepted, need to avoid loneliness and separation

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19
Q

Safety needs

A

World is organized and predictable, feel safe secure and stable

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20
Q

Physiological needs

A

Satisfy hunger and thirst

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21
Q

Additional Hiereachy layer (top)

A

Self transendence
- extends to humanity

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22
Q

Slef actualized people

A

2%

Motehr theresa, jane assams, abraham lincoln, beethoven
Superior perception of reality
Accepts self and others
Identifies with human species
Has more peak experiences

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23
Q

Maslow theory (heirarchy) critiques

A

Assumes Higher level needs trump lower level needs
Not scientific no control group
Culturally biased

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24
Q

Motivation and Hunger

A

Hypothalamus

25
Anatomy of hunger
Horomones, metabolism, set point theory
26
Hunger horomones
Ghrelin, Orexin, Leptin, (dopamine)
27
Ghrelin
(released by stomach) Hypothalamus recognizes it and produces Orexin
28
Orexin
(released by hypothalamus) Why we feel hungry
29
Leptin
Fat cells release Must be feeling full Decrease in enjoyment of eating Inhibits the function of dopamine
30
Hyperphagia
More ghrelin always hungry, weight gain, diabetes
31
Leptin deficiency
eating is very rewarding
32
Metabolism
Catabolism(breaks down food)/anabolsim(storage of energy) Set trait general place where weight fluctuates
33
Metabolic rate
amount of energy expended in a given period of time Variteties Minimum energy is basic metabolic rate
34
Set point Theory
Ideal weight (set point) resistant to change genetically set body compensates when attempting undergoing extreme weight change
35
Evidence Against Set pont Theory
Social network influences your weight Friend becomes obese - 57% chance you do too Sibling - 50% Spouse - 50%
36
Obese
BMI>30 30% world obese Canada 64% No country has reduced obesity rate past 30 y Die 3 - 7 years earlier Lilet depression lower self esteem, earn less, more health problems
37
BMI
Body Mass Index Not accurate
38
Sociology of obesity
Compared to grandparents we are becoming more sedentary Greater availability of fast food Increasing wealth gap Racialized individual do not have the time/financial resources to eat well/exercise Increase straining on precious resources
39
Food and familiarity
Food tastes are culturally determined Ex famines, people are sent things they aren't used too - more starvation
40
Eating disorders (def)
Maladaptive and persistent eating behaviours that negatively impact your health, emotions and ability to function in important areas of life Social/Cultural factors and genetic factors play
41
Eating disorders (list)
Anorexia Bulimia Binge Eating disorder Other specified feeding or eating disorders Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder Pica Rumination Disorder Unspecified Feeding or eating disorder
42
Anorexia
Low body weight Intense fear or gaining weight/drive for thinness Distorted body image -> body dysmorphia High value on controlling weight and shape Restrictive eating/starvation, excessive exercise
43
ANorexia health outcomes
Bone loss Kidney failure Heart failure Amenorrhea Reduced function of gonads Death Increase risk for psychological problems
44
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating Behaviors to compensate for the large amount of food consumed Purging, laxative use, excessive exercise, enemas, etc Fear avoidance of gaining weight Self evaluation is tied to body weight Sub Types Purging and Non Purging
45
Bulimia Nervosa health outcomes
Kidney failure Tooth decay Heart failure Increased risk for psychological problems
46
Ghrelin and Leptin in EDs
High levels of ghrelin in anorexia No leptin
47
Core Motivations of Sex
Pleasure Procreation
48
Biology of Sex
Hypothalamus Nucleus Accumbens Amygdala
49
Damage to hypothalamus
Ability
50
Motivation (sex)
limbic system- nucleus and amygdala (hypothalamus and hormone secretion)
51
Men (horomones)
Androgens Testosterone
52
Women (horomones)
Oestrogens Estradiol
53
LGBTQ+ stats
3-10%
54
Sexuality and Brain
differences in sizes of hypothalamus and amygdala and stimulants
55
gender dysphoria
gender identity is at odds with biological sex - causes discomfort
56
Genetic component (sexuality)
Twins 50% chance other twin is also trans* CYP 17 gene
57
Brain structure sexuality
aligns with experienced gender
58
Alfred Kinsey
Women Interested Experienced Both men and women Mastrubated Homosexual - Bisexual - heterosexual
59
SAM vs HPA
SAM is instant (adreneline) Thalamus-Hypothalamus-Adrenal Medulla HPA axis is slower (cortisol to oppress immune system) "" adrenal cortext

PSYCH 102 (10 decks)

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