Personality 1-4

Question 1

Validity

Answer 1

Is the degree to which a measurement actually measures what it is supposed to.

Question 2

constructs

Answer 2

An idea about a psychological attribute that goes beyond what might be assessed through any particular assessment method.

Question 3

construct validation

Answer 3

the strategy of establishing the validity of a measure by comparing it with a wide range of other measures

Question 4

generalizability

Answer 4

The extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied

Question 5

case method

Answer 5

Studying a particular phenomenon or individual in depth is necessary to understand the specific case and to discover general lessons or scientific laws.

Question 6

experimental method

Answer 6

A research technique that determines the causal relationship between an independent variable (x) and a dependent variable (y) by randomly assigning participants to groups with different levels of x, then measuring the resulting behavior (y) in each group.

Question 7

correlational method

Answer 7

A research technique that establishes the relationship (not necessarily casual) between two variables, traditionally denoted x and y, by measuring both variables in the sample of participants

Question 8

independent variable

Answer 8

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Question 9

dependent variable

Answer 9

The research is interested in the measurable effect, outcome, or response.

Question 10

scatter plot

Answer 10

A diagram that shows the relationship between two variables by displacing points on a plot

Question 11

correlation coefficient

Answer 11

A number between +1 and -1 that reflects the degree to which one variable is a linear function of another

Question 12

type 1 error

Answer 12

In research, the mistake of thinking that one variable has an effect on, or relationship with, another variable when it does not

Question 13

type 2 error

Answer 13

In research, the mistake of thinking that one variable does not have an effect on or relationship with another when it does.

Question 14

effect size

Answer 14

A number that reflects the degree to which one variable affects or is related to another variable

Question 15

confidence interval

Answer 15

An estimate of the range within which the actual value of a statistic probably lies.

Question 16

replication

Answer 16

Doing a study again to see if the results hold up. Are especially persuasive when done by different researchers in different labs than the original

Question 17

publication bias

Answer 17

the tendency of scientific journals preferentially to publish with strong results