Personality 1-4 Flashcards
Validity
Is the degree to which a measurement actually measures what it is supposed to.
constructs
An idea about a psychological attribute that goes beyond what might be assessed through any particular assessment method.
construct validation
the strategy of establishing the validity of a measure by comparing it with a wide range of other measures
generalizability
The extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied
case method
Studying a particular phenomenon or individual in depth is necessary to understand the specific case and to discover general lessons or scientific laws.
experimental method
A research technique that determines the causal relationship between an independent variable (x) and a dependent variable (y) by randomly assigning participants to groups with different levels of x, then measuring the resulting behavior (y) in each group.
correlational method
A research technique that establishes the relationship (not necessarily casual) between two variables, traditionally denoted x and y, by measuring both variables in the sample of participants
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable
The research is interested in the measurable effect, outcome, or response.
scatter plot
A diagram that shows the relationship between two variables by displacing points on a plot
correlation coefficient
A number between +1 and -1 that reflects the degree to which one variable is a linear function of another
type 1 error
In research, the mistake of thinking that one variable has an effect on, or relationship with, another variable when it does not
type 2 error
In research, the mistake of thinking that one variable does not have an effect on or relationship with another when it does.
effect size
A number that reflects the degree to which one variable affects or is related to another variable
confidence interval
An estimate of the range within which the actual value of a statistic probably lies.
replication
Doing a study again to see if the results hold up. Are especially persuasive when done by different researchers in different labs than the original
publication bias
the tendency of scientific journals preferentially to publish with strong results
