Exam 2-3

Question 1

cross-cultural psychology

Answer 1

psychological research and theorizing that attempts to account for the psychological differences between and within different cultural groups

Question 2

culture

Answer 2

refers to the psychological attributes of groups

Question 3

enculturation

Answer 3

the process of socialization through which an individual acquires their native culture, mainly early in life

Question 4

acculturation

Answer 4

the process of social influence by which a person partially or fully acquires a new cultural outlook, either by having contact with or living in a culture different from the person’s culture of origin

Question 5

WEIRD

Answer 5

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic

Question 6

etics

Answer 6

the universal components of an idea; in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common

Question 7

emics

Answer 7

the locally relevant components of an idea; in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture.

Question 8

Tightness and Looseness

Answer 8

contrasts cultures that tolerate very little deviation from proper behavior (tight cultures) with those that allow fairly large deviations from cultural norms (loose cultures).

Question 9

individualism-collectivism

Answer 9

A dimension used to compare cultures;

Question 10

Individualism

Answer 10

Individualist cultures emphasize the individual’s well-being over that of the community

Question 11

collectivism

Answer 11

Collectivist cultures emphasize the well-being of the community over that of the individual.

Question 12

self-regard

Answer 12

liking yourself in spite of your flaws

Question 13

self determination

Answer 13

The individualist view of the self assumes that the causes of behavior lie within the person. As a result, an individual is expected to behave consistently from one situation to the next.

Question 14

ideocentrism

Answer 14

the individual is more important than the group

Question 15

allocentrism

Answer 15

the group is more important than the individual

Question 16

ethocentrism

Answer 16

the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Question 17

Item response theory (IRT)

Answer 17

IRT analyses go deep into personality inventories by looking not just at mean scores, but also at patterns in how participants respond to specific items.

Question 18

outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer 18

The sociopsychological phenomenon in which members of an outside group appear more similar to each other than members of one’s own group.