Exam 2-5 Flashcards
Hans Eysenck
The first major figure in personality neuroscience published a book called The Biological Basis of Personality in 1967. Asserted genes, used introversion/extroversion largely determine that personality
Neural Communication (electrical)
EEG is possible because neurons communicate through electrical activity.
Within each neuron, an electrical impulse typically starts in the dendrites of the cell body, based on input from other neurons, and then travels down the axon, which communicates with neurons in different parts of the brain. These other parts can be nearby if the axon is short or far away if the axon is long.
Neural Communication (Chemical)
When the electrical impulse reaches the end of the axon, it prompts a change from electrical to chemical signaling. This shift causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse, where they bind to receptors on the next neuron either initiating or inhibiting a new impulse.
Jeffrey Gray BAS
began to develop a competing theory of
Extraversion is linked to a brain system called the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). The BAS is the system that is responsible for responding to
incentive reward cues by increasing motivation and activating approach behavior to acquire the reward. Dopamine is one of the most important components of the BAS.
Dopamine Theory of Extraversion
suggests that higher levels of dopamine activity in the brain are linked to extraverted traits, such as reward-seeking, sociability, and positive emotions. Extraverts are thought to have more sensitive dopamine systems, making them more responsive to rewarding stimuli and social interactions.
evidence of DTOE
9 different studies show that the effects of dopaminergic drugs are different for
different levels of extraversion.
* High extraversion associated with more sensitivity to dopamine.
* EEG responses to feedback about rewards, which follow the same pattern as dopamine, are correlated with Extraversion.
* Extraversion predicts nucleus accumbens activity when anticipating reward in fMRI.
The Dopaminergic System
a network in the brain that uses dopamine to regulate functions like reward, motivation, and pleasure. It plays a key role in how we experience enjoyment and make decisions.
ROIs
Regions Of Interest
refer to specific brain areas researchers focus on to understand certain behaviors or processes.
aPFC and MFC
intellect
Hemispheric Lateralization
Functional differences between left and right hemispheres. Each cerebral hemisphere performs certain functions that are not ordinarily performed by the opposite hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
(right side of body)
– Approach, Assertiveness, Anger
Right Hemisphere
(left side of body)
– Neuroticism (Withdrawal)
Jeffery Gray BIS
Gray argued that there is a
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) that is responsible for these things in the brain, primarily involving the hippocampus and the amygdala. The hippocampus detects when things are not going as we want or expect and then triggers the amygdala to
inhibit behavior and make us worried and vigilant for danger.
Natural Selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
Evolutionary Adaptations vs Characteristic Adaptations
Evolutionary adaptations are genetically based changes that take place over many generations.
“Characteristic adaptations” are patterns of interpretation, motivation, and behavior that develop during the lifetime of the individual.
