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GI system anatomy > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is the peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane

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2
Q

What are the layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

How are the parietal and visceral peritoneum related to each other?

A

They are continuous with each other

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4
Q

What does the parietal perioneum line?

A

The inner surace of the abdominal wall

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5
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

Some abdominal viscera

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6
Q

What are the different relationships between the peritoneum and the abdominal viscera?

A

Intraperitoneal

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

What is meant by intraperitoneal viscera?

A

Viscera that are completely covered with visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

What are some examples of intraperitoneal viscera?

A

Liver

Stomach

Spleen

Jejunum

Ileum

Transverse colon

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9
Q

What is meant by retroperitoneal vsicera?

A

Viscera whose anterior surface is covered with paritetal peritoneum

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10
Q

What are the types of retroperitoneal viscera?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal

Secondarily retroperitoneal

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11
Q

What are primarily retroperitoneal viscera?

A

Viscera that developed outside of the parietal peritoneum and remain outside of it

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12
Q

What are secondarily retroperitoneal viscera?

A

Viscera that were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery
but became retroperitoneal
during development

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13
Q

How do secondarily retroperitoneal viscera become retroperitoneal from being initially intraperitoneal?

A

Growth of other viscera pushes them posteriorly

their mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What is formed by the fusion between mesentery of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera and the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Fusion fascia

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15
Q

What are some examples of retroperitoneal viscera?

A

Suprarenal glands

Aorta

Duodenum

Pancreas

Ureters

Colon - ascending and descending

Kidneys

Esophagus

Rectum

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16
Q

What are some examples secondarily retroperitoneal viscera?

A

Duodenum

Pancreas

Ascending colon

Descending colon

17
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

between visceral and parietal peritoneum on posterior abdominal wall

18
Q

How do mesenteries form?

A

Parietal peritoneum reflects off posterior abdominal wall to viscera
wraps around viscera as visceral peritoneum
reflects off viscera back to posterior abdominal wall

19
Q

What do mesenteries carry?

A

Neurovascular supply to organ

20
Q

How are the mesenteries of different organs named?

A

Small intestine - mesentery

Other organs - meso-name of organ

21
Q

What is an omentum?

A

Multiple layers of peritoneum
between the stomach, proximal part of duodenum
and other organs

22
Q

What are the different omenta?

A

Greater omentum

Lesser omentum

23
Q

What exactly does the greater omentum run between?

A

Greater curvature of stomach, proximal part of duodenum

and anterior surface of transverse colon

24
Q

How is the greater omentum formed?

A

Visceral peritoneum surrounding stomach reflects off greater curvature of stomach
descends down
folds on itself
ascends up
attaches to anterior surface of transverse colon as visceral peritoneum

25
Q

What are the parts of the greater omentum?

A

Gastrophrenic ligament

Gastrosplenic ligament

Gastrocolic ligament

26
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments?

A

Double layers of peritoneum

connecting viscera together, or connecting viscera to abdominal wall

27
Q

What exactly does the gastrophrenic ligament run between?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Inferior surface of diaphragm

28
Q

What exactly does the gastrosplenic ligament run between?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Hilum of spleen

29
Q

What exactly does the gastrocolic ligament run between?

A

Gtreater curvature of stomach

Anterior surface of transverse colon

30
Q

What are the functions of the greater omentum?

A

Fat deposition

Immune function

Infection control

31
Q

How does the greater omentum have an infection control function?

A

Migrates to and wraps around infected organs

to prevent spread of infection physically

32
Q

What exactly does the lesser omentum run between?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach, proximal part of duodenum

Liver

33
Q

How is the lesser omentum formed?

A

Visceral peritoneum surrounding stomach reflects off lesser curvature of stomach
ascends up to liver
attaches to liver as visceral peritoneum

34
Q

What are the parts of the lesser omentum?

A

Gastrohepatic ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

35
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

Portal triad

36
Q

What is the portal triad made up of?

A

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile duct

GI system anatomy (21 decks)

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