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GI system anatomy > Anterolateral abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterolateral abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Xiphoid process of sternum

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

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2
Q

What is the inferior border of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Iliac crest

Inguinal ligament

Pubic symphysis

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3
Q

What are the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall, from superficial to deep?

A

Skin

Superficial fascia

Muscles and associated fascia layers

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal perioneum

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4
Q

What is the superficial fascia made up of above the umbilicus?

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

What happens to the superficial fascia below the umbilicus?

A

It splits into two layers

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6
Q

What are the two layers of superficial fascia below the umbilicus?

A

Superficial fatty layer

Deep membranous layer

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7
Q

What is the difference between the compositions of the superficial fatty layer and the deep membranous layer?

A

Superficial fatty layer contains largely fat

Deep membranous layer contains more collagen and elastic fibres

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8
Q

What are the different groups of muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Flat muscles

Vertical muscles

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9
Q

Where are the flat muscles located in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Laterally

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10
Q

What are the flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall, from superficial to deep?

A

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

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11
Q

What direction do the fibres of external oblique run in?

A

Infero-medial direction (hands in pockets)

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12
Q

What does the inferior part of the external oblique form?

A

Inguinal ligament

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13
Q

What direction do the fibres of internal oblique run in?

A

Supero-medial

perpendicular to external oblique fibres

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14
Q

What are the actions of the external and internal oblique muscles?

A

Compress abdomen

Flex trunk

Rotate trunk

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15
Q

What direction do the fibres of transversus abdominis run in?

A

Horizontal

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16
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis musce?

A

Compresses abdomen

17
Q

Where are the neurovascular structures supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall located?

A

Between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

18
Q

What happens to the flat muscles as they approach the anterior midline?

A

From aponeuroses - flattened tendons

19
Q

Where exactly do the flat muscles form aponeuroses as they approach the anterior midline?

A

Medial to the mid-clavicular line

20
Q

What happens to the aponeuroses of the flat muscles at the mid-clavicular line?

A

Fuse together

to form linea semilunaris

21
Q

What is the name of the aponeuroses formed by the flat muscles medial to the mid-clavicular line?

A

Rectus sheath

22
Q

What happens to the rectus sheath in the anterior midline?

A

Rectus sheath on each side fuses with the other side

forming the linea alba

23
Q

What does the linea alba run between?

A

The xiphisternum

to the pubic symphysis

24
Q

What is the vertical muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Rectus abdominis

25
Q

Where is the rectus abdominis located in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Anteriorly

26
Q

What separates the right and left rectus abdominis muscles?

A

Linea alba

27
Q

What is the rectus abdominis muscle contained in?

A

The rectus sheath

28
Q

How does the rectus sheath attach to the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Anterior part of rectus sheath attaches to the anterior surface of rectus abdominis
at three horizontal tendinous intersections

29
Q

What are the actions of rectus abdominis?

A

Compresses abdomen

Flexes trunk

30
Q

What are the different walls of the rectus sheath?

A

Anterior wall that is anterior to rectus abdominis

Posterior wall that is posterior to rectus abdominis

31
Q

What is the anterior wall of the rectus sheath made up of?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Half of aponeorosis of internal oblique

32
Q

What is the posterior wall of the rectus sheath made up of?

A

Half of aponeurosis of internal oblique

Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

33
Q

Where does the arcuate line run?

A

Horizontal line midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

34
Q

What happens to the rectus sheath at the arcuate line?

A

Anterior wall of rectus sheath is made up of aponeurosis of all three flat muscles

Posterior wall of rectus sheath is made up of transversalis fascia

35
Q

What happens to the layers of the abdominal wall at the umbilicus?

A

They fuse together

36
Q

What are the functions of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Protect and support abdominal viscera

Compress abdomen, increase intra-abdominal pressure

Assist in excretion of substances from abdomen

Assists in forceful expiration

Can also stretch to accommodate increased volume of abdominal viscera

Moves the trunk

GI system anatomy (21 decks)

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