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GI system anatomy > Epithelia of small intestines > Flashcards

Epithelia of small intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of epithelia in the small intestines?

A

Enterocytes

Goblet cells

Enteroendocrine cells

Paneth cells

Stem cells

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2
Q

What type of epithelial cell is most common in the small intestine?

A

Enterocytes

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3
Q

What is the function of enterocytes in the small intestine?

A

Absorption

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4
Q

What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestine?

A

Produce mucus

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5
Q

What does mucus in the small intestine contain?

A

Bicarbonate ions

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6
Q

What are the functions of mucus in the small intestine?

A

Physical barrier between epithelia and bacteria, to prevent bacterial infection

Lubricate gut, so contents can pass through more easily

Neutralises acidity of chyme from the stomach

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7
Q

What is the structure of goblet cells?

A

Wider towards the top, contain mucus

Narrower towards the bottom, nucleus here

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8
Q

What is the function of paneth cells in the small intestine?

A

Secrete antibacterial proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of the antibacterial proteins in the small intestine?

A

Protect stem cells from damage by bacteria and their toxins

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10
Q

What is the function of stem cells in the small intestine?

A

Divide every 2-4 days
migrate upwards
differentiate as they do so
to replace epithelial cells further up

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11
Q

What are the types of enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

A

G cells

I cells

S cells

K cells

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12
Q

What is the function of G cells?

A

Produce gastrin hormone

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13
Q

What is the function of I cells?

A

Produce cholecystokinin hormone

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14
Q

What is the function of S cells?

A

Produce secretin hormone

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15
Q

What is the function of K cells?

A

Produce gastric inhibitory peptide hormone

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16
Q

What is the structure of the inner surface of the small intestine?

A

Has villi

Has crypts

17
Q

What are villi?

A

Projections of mucosa of small intestine

into its lumen

18
Q

What are the epithelial cells on the surface of villi?

A

Enterocytes

19
Q

What are crypts?

A

Depressions of mucosa of small intestine to the muscularis mucosae
out of the lumen

20
Q

What are the epithelial cells on the surface of crypts?

A

Towards top of crypt are enterocytes
then goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells
then paneth cells
then stem cells towards bottom of crypt

21
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for absorption?

A

Its walls are folded into plicae circulares
plicae circulares are folded into villi
increases surface area

22
Q

What are plicae circulares?

A

Projections of submucosa of small intestine into its lumen

23
Q

How are enterocytes adapted for absorption?

A

Have microvilli on their apical domain

increases surface area

24
Q

What is the brush border of the small intestine?

A

Microvilli on apical domain of enterocytes

25
Q

What specific gland does the submucosa of the duodenum contain?

A

Brunner’s glands

26
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

Produce mucus

27
Q

Where do the ducts of the Brunner’s glands in the duodenum drain into?

A

Crypts of duodenum

28
Q

How does the proportion of enterocytes change in the ileum?

A

Decreases

29
Q

How does the proportion of goblet cells change in the ileum?

A

Increases

30
Q

How does the proportion of Paneth cells change in the ileum?

A

Increases

31
Q

How does the amount of lymphoid tissue change in the ileum?

A

Increases

32
Q

What is the name of the lymphoid tissue in the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches

33
Q

Why does the ileum have more lymphoid tissue called Peyer’s patches?

A

Because it is adjacent to the colon
which contains many bacteria as part of the normal flora
whereas the ileum is sterile
so it has more lymphoid tissue to protect against infection

34
Q

How does the number of villi change in the ileum?

A

Decreases

GI system anatomy (21 decks)

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