Liver

Question 1

What is the largest organ of the body?

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

What are the surfaces of the liver?

Answer 2

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

Question 3

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

Answer 3

Anterior superior surface of the liver

Question 4

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver in contact with?

Answer 4

Inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 5

What shape is the diaphragmtic surface of the liver? Why?

Answer 5

Convex shape

to fit into the concavity of the inferior surfave of the diaphragm

Question 6

What is the visceral surface of the liver?

Answer 6

Posterior inferior surface of liver

Question 7

What is the visceral surface of the liver in contact with?

Answer 7

Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, gall bladder, right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure

Question 8

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver?

Answer 8

Falciform ligament

Coronary ligaments

Triangular ligaments

Lesser omentum

• hepatogastric ligament
• hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 9

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver made up of?

Answer 9

Double folds of peritoneum

Question 10

What does the falciform ligament attach to?

Answer 10

Anterior surface of liver

Inner surface of anterior abdominal wall

Question 11

What are the parts of the coronary ligament?

Answer 11

Anterior part

Posterior part

Question 12

What do the coronary ligaments attach to?

Answer 12

Superior surface of liver

Inferior surface of diaphragm

Question 13

How do the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments relate to each other?

Answer 13

They are continuous with each other

and meet each other at the right and left ends of the liver

Question 14

What are the parts of the triangular ligaments?

Answer 14

Right part

Left part

Question 15

What do the triangular ligaments attach to?

Answer 15

Superior surface of liver

Inferior surface of diaphragm

Question 16

What do the coronary ligaments and triangular ligaments enclose?

Answer 16

Bare area of the liver

Question 17

What is the bare area of the liver?

Answer 17

Area of the liver that is not covered with peritoneum

Question 18

What does the bare area of the liver contain?

Answer 18

Groove for inferior vena cava

Question 19

How do the falciform ligament and coronary ligaments relate to each other?

Answer 19

Anterior coronary ligament is continuous with falciform ligament

Question 20

What is meant by a hepatic recesses?

Answer 20

Peritoneal cavity spaces between liver and surrounding structures

Question 21

What are the hepatic recesses?

Answer 21

Subphrenic recess

Subhepatic recess

Hepatorenal recess

Question 22

What is the subphrenic recess?

Answer 22

Peritoneal cavity space between anterior superior surface of liver and diaphragm

Question 23

What is the subhepatic recess?

Answer 23

Peritoneal cavity space between inferior surface of liver and transverse colon

Question 24

What is the hepatorenal recess?

Answer 24

Peritoneal cavity space between posterior inferior surface of liver and right kidney

Question 25

What are the parts of the subphrenic recess?

Answer 25

Right and left

Question 26

What separates the subphrenic recess into right and left parts?

Answer 26

Falciform ligament

Question 27

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 27

Anatomical - right and left lobes Functional - quadrate and caudate lobes

Question 28

What divides the liver into right and left lobes?

Answer 28

Falciform ligament

Question 29

Is the right lobe or left lobe of the liver bigger?

Answer 29

Right lobe

Question 30

Where are the quadrate and caudate lobes located in the liver?

Answer 30

Both part of the right anatomical lobe, the left part of it caudate lobe is superior quadrate lobe is inferior

Question 31

What separates the quadrate and caudate lobes from each other?

Answer 31

The porta hepatitis

Question 32

What is the porta hepatitis?

Answer 32

Fissure at which the neurovascular structures and ducts enter and leave the liver

Question 33

What is a liver lobule?

Answer 33

Hexagonal structure at the centre is the central vein at each corner is a portal triad between the centre and each corner are hepatocytes the hepatocytes line sinusoids there are also bile canaliculi

Question 34

What is the portal triad in a liver lobule made up of?

Answer 34

Hepatic artery branch Hepatic portal vein branch Bile duct branch Also lymphatic vessels, vagus nerve

Question 35

What is the function of the hepatic artery branch in the liver lobule?

Answer 35

Carry oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta

Question 36

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein branch in the liver lobule?

Answer 36

Carry deoxygenated blood containing nutrients from the gut to the liver

Question 37

What is the function of the central vein?

Answer 37

Carry deoxygenated blood from liver to the hepatic vein

Question 38

What are sinusoids?

Answer 38

Fenestrated capillaries in the liver carrying oxygenated blood from hepatic artery branches and also the deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein branch to the central vein

Question 39

What produces bile?

Answer 39

Liver hepatocytes Liver ductal cells

Question 40

Where does bile travel in the liver?

Answer 40

Travels from the hepatocytes through the bile canaliculi into the bile duct branch

Question 41

What is a liver acinus?

Answer 41

Triangular area central vein at one point two adjacent portal triads at other two points

Question 42

How is the liver acinus organised into zones?

Answer 42

Based on how far away the hepatocytes are from the hepatic artery branch

Question 43

What are the zones of the liver acinus?

Answer 43

Zone 1 - towards portal triad Zone 2 Zone 3 - towards central vein

Question 44

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to ischaemia? Why?

Answer 44

Zone 3 because these hepatocytes are furthest away from the hepatic artery branch further away from the source of oxygenated blood

Question 45

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to toxic injury? Why?

Answer 45

Zone 1 because these hepatocytes are closest to the hepatic artery branch closest to the source of the toxin