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GI system anatomy > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

Liver

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2
Q

What are the surfaces of the liver?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

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3
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

A

Anterior superior surface of the liver

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4
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver in contact with?

A

Inferior surface of the diaphragm

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5
Q

What shape is the diaphragmtic surface of the liver? Why?

A

Convex shape

to fit into the concavity of the inferior surfave of the diaphragm

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6
Q

What is the visceral surface of the liver?

A

Posterior inferior surface of liver

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7
Q

What is the visceral surface of the liver in contact with?

A

Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, gall bladder, right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure

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8
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

Coronary ligaments

Triangular ligaments

Lesser omentum

  • hepatogastric ligament
  • hepatoduodenal ligament
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9
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver made up of?

A

Double folds of peritoneum

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10
Q

What does the falciform ligament attach to?

A

Anterior surface of liver

Inner surface of anterior abdominal wall

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11
Q

What are the parts of the coronary ligament?

A

Anterior part

Posterior part

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12
Q

What do the coronary ligaments attach to?

A

Superior surface of liver

Inferior surface of diaphragm

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13
Q

How do the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments relate to each other?

A

They are continuous with each other

and meet each other at the right and left ends of the liver

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14
Q

What are the parts of the triangular ligaments?

A

Right part

Left part

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15
Q

What do the triangular ligaments attach to?

A

Superior surface of liver

Inferior surface of diaphragm

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16
Q

What do the coronary ligaments and triangular ligaments enclose?

A

Bare area of the liver

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17
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

Area of the liver that is not covered with peritoneum

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18
Q

What does the bare area of the liver contain?

A

Groove for inferior vena cava

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19
Q

How do the falciform ligament and coronary ligaments relate to each other?

A

Anterior coronary ligament is continuous with falciform ligament

20
Q

What is meant by a hepatic recesses?

A

Peritoneal cavity spaces between liver and surrounding structures

21
Q

What are the hepatic recesses?

A

Subphrenic recess

Subhepatic recess

Hepatorenal recess

22
Q

What is the subphrenic recess?

A

Peritoneal cavity space between anterior superior surface of liver and diaphragm

23
Q

What is the subhepatic recess?

A

Peritoneal cavity space between inferior surface of liver and transverse colon

24
Q

What is the hepatorenal recess?

A

Peritoneal cavity space between posterior inferior surface of liver and right kidney

25
Q

What are the parts of the subphrenic recess?

A

Right and left

26
Q

What separates the subphrenic recess into right and left parts?

A

Falciform ligament

27
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A

Anatomical - right and left lobes

Functional - quadrate and caudate lobes

28
Q

What divides the liver into right and left lobes?

A

Falciform ligament

29
Q

Is the right lobe or left lobe of the liver bigger?

A

Right lobe

30
Q

Where are the quadrate and caudate lobes located in the liver?

A

Both part of the right anatomical lobe, the left part of it
caudate lobe is superior
quadrate lobe is inferior

31
Q

What separates the quadrate and caudate lobes from each other?

A

The porta hepatitis

32
Q

What is the porta hepatitis?

A

Fissure at which the neurovascular structures and ducts enter and leave the liver

33
Q

What is a liver lobule?

A

Hexagonal structure
at the centre is the central vein
at each corner is a portal triad

between the centre and each corner are hepatocytes
the hepatocytes line sinusoids
there are also bile canaliculi

34
Q

What is the portal triad in a liver lobule made up of?

A

Hepatic artery branch
Hepatic portal vein branch
Bile duct branch

Also lymphatic vessels, vagus nerve

35
Q

What is the function of the hepatic artery branch in the liver lobule?

A

Carry oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta

36
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein branch in the liver lobule?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood containing nutrients from the gut to the liver

37
Q

What is the function of the central vein?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from liver to the hepatic vein

38
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Fenestrated capillaries in the liver carrying oxygenated blood from hepatic artery branches and also the deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein branch to the central vein

39
Q

What produces bile?

A

Liver hepatocytes

Liver ductal cells

40
Q

Where does bile travel in the liver?

A

Travels from the hepatocytes
through the bile canaliculi
into the bile duct branch

41
Q

What is a liver acinus?

A

Triangular area
central vein at one point
two adjacent portal triads at other two points

42
Q

How is the liver acinus organised into zones?

A

Based on how far away the hepatocytes are from the hepatic artery branch

43
Q

What are the zones of the liver acinus?

A

Zone 1 - towards portal triad

Zone 2

Zone 3 - towards central vein

44
Q

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to ischaemia? Why?

A

Zone 3
because these hepatocytes are furthest away from the hepatic artery branch
further away from the source of oxygenated blood

45
Q

Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to toxic injury? Why?

A

Zone 1
because these hepatocytes are closest to the hepatic artery branch
closest to the source of the toxin

GI system anatomy (21 decks)

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