Liver Flashcards
What is the largest organ of the body?
Liver
What are the surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic surface
Visceral surface
What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?
Anterior superior surface of the liver
What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver in contact with?
Inferior surface of the diaphragm
What shape is the diaphragmtic surface of the liver? Why?
Convex shape
to fit into the concavity of the inferior surfave of the diaphragm
What is the visceral surface of the liver?
Posterior inferior surface of liver
What is the visceral surface of the liver in contact with?
Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, gall bladder, right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure
What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver?
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligaments
Triangular ligaments
Lesser omentum
- hepatogastric ligament
- hepatoduodenal ligament
What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver made up of?
Double folds of peritoneum
What does the falciform ligament attach to?
Anterior surface of liver
Inner surface of anterior abdominal wall
What are the parts of the coronary ligament?
Anterior part
Posterior part
What do the coronary ligaments attach to?
Superior surface of liver
Inferior surface of diaphragm
How do the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments relate to each other?
They are continuous with each other
and meet each other at the right and left ends of the liver
What are the parts of the triangular ligaments?
Right part
Left part
What do the triangular ligaments attach to?
Superior surface of liver
Inferior surface of diaphragm
What do the coronary ligaments and triangular ligaments enclose?
Bare area of the liver
What is the bare area of the liver?
Area of the liver that is not covered with peritoneum
What does the bare area of the liver contain?
Groove for inferior vena cava
How do the falciform ligament and coronary ligaments relate to each other?
Anterior coronary ligament is continuous with falciform ligament
What is meant by a hepatic recesses?
Peritoneal cavity spaces between liver and surrounding structures
What are the hepatic recesses?
Subphrenic recess
Subhepatic recess
Hepatorenal recess
What is the subphrenic recess?
Peritoneal cavity space between anterior superior surface of liver and diaphragm
What is the subhepatic recess?
Peritoneal cavity space between inferior surface of liver and transverse colon
What is the hepatorenal recess?
Peritoneal cavity space between posterior inferior surface of liver and right kidney
What are the parts of the subphrenic recess?
Right and left
What separates the subphrenic recess into right and left parts?
Falciform ligament
What are the lobes of the liver?
Anatomical - right and left lobes
Functional - quadrate and caudate lobes
What divides the liver into right and left lobes?
Falciform ligament
Is the right lobe or left lobe of the liver bigger?
Right lobe
Where are the quadrate and caudate lobes located in the liver?
Both part of the right anatomical lobe, the left part of it
caudate lobe is superior
quadrate lobe is inferior
What separates the quadrate and caudate lobes from each other?
The porta hepatitis
What is the porta hepatitis?
Fissure at which the neurovascular structures and ducts enter and leave the liver
What is a liver lobule?
Hexagonal structure
at the centre is the central vein
at each corner is a portal triad
between the centre and each corner are hepatocytes
the hepatocytes line sinusoids
there are also bile canaliculi
What is the portal triad in a liver lobule made up of?
Hepatic artery branch
Hepatic portal vein branch
Bile duct branch
Also lymphatic vessels, vagus nerve
What is the function of the hepatic artery branch in the liver lobule?
Carry oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta
What is the function of the hepatic portal vein branch in the liver lobule?
Carry deoxygenated blood containing nutrients from the gut to the liver
What is the function of the central vein?
Carry deoxygenated blood from liver to the hepatic vein
What are sinusoids?
Fenestrated capillaries in the liver carrying oxygenated blood from hepatic artery branches and also the deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein branch to the central vein
What produces bile?
Liver hepatocytes
Liver ductal cells
Where does bile travel in the liver?
Travels from the hepatocytes
through the bile canaliculi
into the bile duct branch
What is a liver acinus?
Triangular area
central vein at one point
two adjacent portal triads at other two points
How is the liver acinus organised into zones?
Based on how far away the hepatocytes are from the hepatic artery branch
What are the zones of the liver acinus?
Zone 1 - towards portal triad
Zone 2
Zone 3 - towards central vein
Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to ischaemia? Why?
Zone 3
because these hepatocytes are furthest away from the hepatic artery branch
further away from the source of oxygenated blood
Which zone of the liver acinus is most susceptible to toxic injury? Why?
Zone 1
because these hepatocytes are closest to the hepatic artery branch
closest to the source of the toxin
