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AP1 > Peripherial Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripherial Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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2
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are entirely sensory?

A

1 and 2

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3
Q

What cranial nerves are entirely motor?

A

3, 4 & 6

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4
Q

True/False: several cranial nerves are autonomic

A

True

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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6
Q

All spinal nerves except which one are both motor/sensory?

A

C1

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7
Q

What side of the spine do sensory nerves run?

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

What side of spine do motor nerves run?

A

Ventral

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9
Q

What is a map of somatosensory input from specific areas of skin that corresponds with specific nerves called?

A

Dermatome map

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10
Q

Where is spinal gray matter?

A

Center of spinal cord

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11
Q

What does spinal gray matter contain?

A

Cell bodies of nerve cells

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12
Q

What matter contains high fat content and myelination of fibers?

A

White matter

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13
Q

What fibers run up the white matter to the brain?

A

Afferent (sensory)

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14
Q

What fibers run down the white matter from the brain?

A

Efferent (motor)

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15
Q

What is contained in the Lateral Horn of gray matter?

A

Cell bodies of autonomic nerves

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16
Q

What part activates a contraction when a rapid stretch to the muscle happens?

A

Muscle spindle

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17
Q

What branch of the PNS controls smooth and cardiac muscle and glands?

A

Autonomic

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18
Q

What are 2 parts of autonomic nervous system?

A

1) sympathetic
2) parasympathetic

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19
Q

What part of autonomic nervous system controls fight/flight?

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

What part of autonomic nervous system controls rest/digest?

A

Parasympathetic

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21
Q

For the most part, are autonomic nerves afferent or efferent?

A

Mostly efferent but afferent nerves can get signals from viscera

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22
Q

What is the usual organization of the autonomic nervous system?

A

2 cells + 2 synapses

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23
Q

Where are pre ganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system located?

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord between T1-L3

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24
Q

Where are pre ganglionic cell bodies of the Parasympathetic nervous system located?

A

1) Midbrain
2) medulla
3) lateral horn T12-L1

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25
Q

What cranial nerves are part of parasympathetic nervous system whose cell bodies sit in the midbrain and medulla?

A

3, 7, 9 & 10

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26
Q

Where do parasympathetic nerves in T12-L1 exit the vertebral canal?

A

S2-S4

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27
Q

Where are post ganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system located?

A

1) parabvertebral ganglia
2) prevertebral ganglia

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28
Q

Where is the pre ganglionic neuron located?

A

In CNS

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29
Q

Where is post ganglion neuron located?

A

In a peripheral ganglion outside the CNS

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30
Q

What runs parallel to spinal cord on both sides of vertebral column?

A

Sympathetic Chain Ganglion

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31
Q

Where does 1st synapse of preganglion cells occur?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglion

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32
Q

What is another word for the sympathetic chain ganglion?

A

Para vertebral ganglia

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33
Q

What 2 cell bodies make their 1st synapse in the prevertebral ganglia?

A

1) celiac
2) hypogastric

34
Q

What arm of sympathetic nervous system does not follow the 2 cells, 2 synapse arrangement?

A

Endocrine

35
Q

In the endocrine arm of the sympathetic nervous system, what structure do preganglionic neurons directly innervate?

A

Adrenal medulla

36
Q

Where is the adrenal medulla?

A

In the center of the adrenal glands

37
Q

What is released by the adrenal medulla when stimulated?

A

Epinephrine

38
Q

Where does adrenal medulla release epinephrine?

A

Directly into blood

39
Q

Where does epinephrine in blood go?

A

Directly to target cells

40
Q

Where is 1st cell body located in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Midbrain and medulla

41
Q

Which cranial nerve conveys 70% of the parasympathetic nervous system to our body?

A

Vagus (#10)

42
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates almost all of our viscera?

A

Vagus (10)

43
Q

What functions do the preganglionic neurons that exit through S2-S4 affect?

A

Pelvic viscera (bladder, anal sphincter)

44
Q

What is length of preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system?

A

Short

45
Q

What is length of postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system?

A

Long

46
Q

What is neurotransmitter of 1st sympathetic synapse?

A

Acetylcholine

47
Q

What is post synaptic receptor of 1st sympathetic synapse?

A

Nicotinic ACH receptors

48
Q

What is neurotransmitter of 2nd sympathetic synapse?

A

Norepinephrine

49
Q

What is post synaptic receptor (target) for 2nd neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system?

A

Alpha 1, beta 1 or beta 2 receptors

50
Q

What is a term for a receptor that binds to acetylcholine?

A

Cholinergic

51
Q

What term is used for a receptor that binds to norepinephrine?

A

Adrenergic

52
Q

What receptor does epinephrine bind to on the target cell

A

B1 or B2

53
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors typically found?

A

Smooth muscle of the vasculature leading to internal organs (viscera)

54
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors typically found?

A

Cardiac muscle (increases cardio acceleration)

55
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors found?

A

On smooth muscle of of lungs, bladder, intestines and uterus (relaxes)
Also smooth muscle of vessels leading to skeletal muscle (vasodilation)

56
Q

Where are postganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic nervous system

A

In scattered plexi close to or on target organ

57
Q

Are preganglionic fibers of PSNS long or short?

A

Long

58
Q

Are post ganglionic fibers of PSNS long or short?

A

Short

59
Q

What is neurotransmitter of 1st synapse in PSNS?

A

Acetylcholine

60
Q

What is receptor in 1st synapse of PSNS?

A

Nicotinic ACH receptors

61
Q

What is neurotransmitter in 2nd synapse of PSNS?

A

Acetylcholine

62
Q

What is receptor in 2nd synapse of PSNS?

A

Muscarinic ACH receptor

63
Q

Do both SNS and PSNS target the same organs?

A

Yes

64
Q

What is one exception where both SNS and PSNS doesn’t target the same organ?

A

Kidneys (SNS only)

65
Q

Control of efferent division of autonomic originate within what parts of brain?

A

1) hypothalamus
2) brain stem

66
Q

What does ANS control in hypothalamus?

A

1) body heat
2) water balance
3) appetite

67
Q

What things are controlled by ANS in brain stem?

A

1) bladder
2) vascular
3) respiratory
4) cardiac

68
Q

In resting condition, which has higher autonomic tone, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

69
Q

What is the endocrine arm regulated by PSNS?

A

GI hormones that regulate digestion

70
Q

What is cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory (sensory)

71
Q

Cranial nerve 2?

A

Optic (sensory)

72
Q

Cranial nerve 3?

A

Oculomotor (motor)
Part of PSNS

73
Q

Cranial 4

A

Trochlear (eye movement) motor

74
Q

CN 5

A

Trigeminal
Sensory to face
Motor for chewing muscles
Largest
(sensory and motor)

75
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens (motor)
eye movement outward

76
Q

CN 7

A

Facial
Motor & sensory
Movement, expression, taste, tears
Parasympathetic

77
Q

CN 8

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Balance and hearing

78
Q

CN 9

A

Glossopharyngeal
Sensory and motor
Part of PSNS

79
Q

CN 10

A

Vagus
Autonomic
70% of parasympathetic to body
Sensory and motor

80
Q

CN 11

A

Accessory
Motor
SCM and traps

81
Q

CN 12

A

Hypoglossal
Motor

AP1 (9 decks)

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