Periodic table and Ions Vocab

Question 1

Period

Answer 1

horizontal rows on the periodic table

Question 2

Group or family

Answer 2

vertical columns on the periodic table; may be one column or several columns put together

Question 3

Transition metals

Answer 3

elements in groups 3-12; less reactive harder metals

Question 4

Valence electrons

Answer 4

electrons in the outermost shell; the electrons that are involved in bending

Question 5

Ionization energy

Answer 5

measure of the capability of an element to enter into chemical reactions requiring ion formation or donation of electrons

Question 6

Electronegativity

Answer 6

an index of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

ions with a positive charge because it lost one or more electrons

Question 8

Anion

Answer 8

ion with a negative charge because it gained one or more electron(s)

Question 9

List two elements that are in the same period

Answer 9

Calcium, Scandium, Titanium

Question 10

Why do elements in the same group or family have similar chemical and physical properties?

Answer 10

It it because they have the same number of valence electrons and will form the same kinds of ions

Question 11

List 4 transition metals

Answer 11

vanadium, Iron, Gold and Silver

Question 12

List two elements that have the same number of valence electrons as fluorine

Answer 12

chlorine and bromine

Question 13

Which element has the highest ionization energy level?

Answer 13

Sulfur

Question 14

How do you know which elements have higher ionization energy levels than others?

Answer 14

The ionization energy level increases from left to right and increases from bottom to top

Question 15

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Answer 15

fluorine

Question 16

Which kind of elements tend to form cations?

Answer 16

Metals because metals tend to donate electrons

Question 17

Which kind of elements tend to form anions?

Answer 17

Most nonmetals because they tend to take electrons

Question 18

What is hydrogen?

Answer 18

Hydrogen belongs to its own family and is a diatomic reactive gas

Question 19

What are alkali earth metals?

Answer 19

Very reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature; second column on the periodic table

Question 20

What are alkaline metals?

Answer 20

very reactive metals that are always combined with something else in nature (like salt); 1st column on the periodic table

Question 21

What is the Boron Family?

Answer 21

elements in group 13

Question 22

What is the Carbon family?

Answer 22

elements in group 14; contains elements important to life and computers

Question 23

Nitrogen Family

Answer 23

elements in group 15; makes up over 3/4 of the atmosphere

Question 24

Oxygen Family or Chalcogens

Answer 24

elements in group 16; many things that stink contain these

Question 25

Halogens

Answer 25

elements in group 17;very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals

Question 26

Noble gases

Answer 26

elements in group 18; very nonreactive, monatomic gases

Question 27

Effective nuclear charge

Answer 27

holds the atoms together because (-) electrons attracted to (+) protons in the nucleus

Question 28

What affects the length of a nuclear charge

Answer 28

the more protons=higher length
the more distance between the nucleus and electrons=lower length

Question 29

Atomic radius

Answer 29

how large an atom is
down groups=size increases
across period=size decreases

Question 30

Ionization energy

Answer 30

energy required to remove one electron from an atom
down groups=ionization energy decreases
across periods=size increases ionization energy

Question 31

Electronegativity

Answer 31

measure of an attraction of an atom for a shared electron
down groups=decrease electronegativity
across periods=increase electronegativity

Question 32

What causes a higher effective nuclear charge?

Answer 32

more valence electrons in the same energy level and more proteins in the nucleus