Chemistry of life

Question 1

Cellulose

Answer 1

an unbranched polymer of B glucose molecules bonded by extremely stable B-1, 4 glycosidic bonds

Question 2

Amylose

Answer 2

the crystallizable form of starch, consisting of long unbranched polysaccharide chains;a polymer

Question 3

Amylopectin

Answer 3

consists of the same -1 4 linked glucose monomers as amylose with occasional -1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 4

Condensation reaction

Answer 4

two monosaccharides are joined to form a disaccharide with the release of a water molecule (dehydration synthesis)

Question 5

Hydrolosis reaction

Answer 5

when a disaccharide is split a water molecule is used as a source of hydrogen and a hydroxyl group

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

double sugar molecules and are used as energy sources and as building blocks for larger molecules

Question 7

What forms disaccharide sugars?

Answer 7

they are formed from two monosaccharides and are broken down by hydrolysis

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

have an enormous number of structural and functional roles in plants and animals

Question 9

Inorganic ions

Answer 9

dissolved ions that participate in metabolic reactions and are components of larger organic molecules

Question 10

Nucleotides and nucleic acids

Answer 10

energy carrier of the cell; encode information for the construction and functioning of an organism

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

forms the structural components of cells; provides usable energy as glucose; involved in cellular respiration

Question 12

Simple lipids

Answer 12

provide a concentrated source of energy

Question 13

Four main macro molecule components of living organisms

Answer 13

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 14

Polar covalent bond

Answer 14

when two atoms with different electronegativites are connected with an electronegativity .4 or less

Question 15

Cohesion

Answer 15

when water sticks to itself via hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Adhesion

Answer 16

the binding or attraction between dissimilar molecules, atoms, surfaces, or substances

Question 17

Capillary action

Answer 17

the movement of a liquid through or along another material against an opposing force, such as gravity

Question 18

Nucleic acids

Answer 18

have the capacity to store the information that controls cellular activity

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

reads and translates the information in DNA

Question 20

Nucleotides

Answer 20

building blocks of nucleic acids; made up of a base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

Question 21

Pyrimidines

Answer 21

single ringed bases in which DNA uses