Isotopes and Radioactivity

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

contains only one kind of atom

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

a substance in which two or more elements are chemically bonded together

Question 3

Examples of a compound

Answer 3

sugar, H20

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

type of atom with the same element differing in mass

Question 6

Atomic mass

Answer 6

an average of the masses of different numbers

Question 7

Radioactivity

Answer 7

natural process by which atoms disintegrate, emitting both particles and energy as they transform into different, more stable atoms

Question 8

Alpha radiation

Answer 8

consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus

Question 9

Why are some elements radioactive?

Answer 9

It is because some elements have extra neutrons or protons and causes the atom to become unstable

Question 10

Beta radiation

Answer 10

the transmutation of a neutron into a proton and an electron

Question 11

Gamma radiation

Answer 11

high energy electromagnetic radiation; a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei

Question 12

Radon

Answer 12

a radioactive gas that can hurt humans

Question 13

Radioisotopes

Answer 13

radioactive isotopes of an element

Question 14

Where is the mass number located on an element

Answer 14

the top left

Question 15

Where is the atomic number located on an element

Answer 15

the bottom left

Question 16

Stable isotopes

Answer 16

atoms that do not release protons, electrons or energy from the nucleus and ARE NOT RADIOACTIVE

Question 17

Unstable isotopes

Answer 17

radioisotopes that spontaneously release particles or energy from its nucleus

Question 18

Chemical reactions

Answer 18

mass is conserved, small energy changes, no changes in the nuclei, involve ONLY valence electrons

Question 19

Nuclear reactions

Answer 19

small changes in mass, huge energy changes; protons, neutrons, electrons and gamma rays can be lost or gained

Question 20

Is the mass of a neutron equal to the mass of a proton?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

How can radiation be dangerous?

Answer 21

Ionizing radiation can occur and damage your lungs