Period 5: Italy and Germany Flashcards
1
Q
What parts of Italy were controlled by which countries?
A
- North (Venetia, Lombardy, Tuscany) was controlled by Austria
- mid-section (Rome and Papal States) were controlled by France
- only the divided kingdom of Sardinia (part of which was an island in the Mediterranean) was controlled by Italians
2
Q
Who was Victor Emmanuel II?
A
- the king of Sardinia
- named Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister in 1849
3
Q
Who was Count Camillo Cavour?
A
- Victor Emmanuel II’s prime minister
- during a series of wars, sided with European powers that could help him boot out Austria from Italy
- managed to remove Austrian influence from Italy except Venetia by 1859
4
Q
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
A
- Italian nationalist
- raised a volunteer army that overthrew the kingdom in 1860 whose citizens pledged allegiance to Sardinia
5
Q
How did Italy become unified?
A
- the Italians gained control of Venetia after siding with Prussia in its war against Russia
- won control of Rome in 1870 when the French withdrew
- boundaries still shaky
- some Italians thought the southern provinces of Austria and France were more Italian and thus rightly part of Italy
6
Q
Who was William I?
A
- king of Prussia
- appointed Otto von Bismarck prime minister in 1861 with the aim of building the military and consolidating the region under its authority
- crowned emperor of the new German Empire aka the Second Reich (Holy Roman Empire was the First Reich) in 1871 after winning the Franco-Prussian War
7
Q
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
A
- William I’s prime minister
- defeated Austria in seven weeks after he won assurances from the other European powers that they would not step in on Austria’s behalf
- secured most of the other German principalities except for heavily Catholic regions in the south
8
Q
How did Otto von Bismarck consolidate the German Catholic regions under Prussian control?
A
- Otto von Bismarck formed an alliance with the Catholic German states against aggression from France
- provoked France to declare war on Prussia in 1870, starting the Franco-Prussian War
- when Prussia won the Franco-Prussian War the German Catholic regions were consolidated under Prussian control
9
Q
Who was William II?
A
- crowned emperor in 1888
- wanted to run the country himself
- forced Otto von Bismarck to resign as prime minister in 1890 and re-established authority as the emperor
- built a huge navy, pursued colonial ambitions in Africa and Asia, and oversaw the rise of Germany into one of the most powerful nations in the world
