Chapter 25 Flashcards
thomas peters
west african man who was sold as a slave multiple times and eventually established a colony for former slaves in sierra leone (freetown)
atlantic slave trade
in which africans were sold typically to the caribbean or the americas working on plantations cultivating cash crops for export
kingdom of ghana
controlled and taxed the trans-saharan trade in gold, allowing kings to field large army and influence affairs in west africa
mali empire
replaced ghana as preeminent power in west africa but continued to control trans-saharan trade
songhay
based in trading city of gao, dominated central niger valley
sunni ali
songhay ruler who consolidated the songhay empire and created an imperial navy to patrol the niger river
timbukti and jenne
important trading cities brought under songhay control by sunni ali
kingdom of kanem-bornu
dominated region around lake chad (west africa) after songhay empire crumbled
the hausa people
established thriving commercial city-states to the west of lake chad (west africa) after songhay empire crumbled
oyo and asante peoples
built powerful regional kingdoms in forests south of the grasslands (west africa) after songhay empire crumbled
diula and mande
established states on the coasts of west africa after songhay empire crumbled. entered into commercial restions with european marchant-mariners
vasco da gama
portuguese mariner who attacked swahili ports and took over mozambique and malindi, sending swahili cities into a decline
kingdom of kongo
had political and diplomatic relationships with portuguese merchants. converted to christianity to establish closer relationships with the portuguese
king nzinga mbemba / king afonso i
king of kongo, became devout roman catholic and wanted to convert all his subjects to christianity
mbanza / são salvador
kongo capital, aka “kongo of the bell” bc lots of churches
kingdom of ndongo / angola
portuguese merchants founded a small coastal colony in ndongo, wanted it to support large-scale trading in slaves
ngola
title of the king in kingdom of ndongo
queen nzinga
queen of ndonga, resisted portuguese forces, wanted subjects to refer to her as king (LADY MACBETH???)
great zimbabwe
a regional kingdom built a stone-fortified city known as great zimbabwe and dominated a gold-bearing plain
cape town
dutch mariners built a trading post at cape town
khoikhoi people / hottentots
dutch mariners encountered these hunters and gatherers at cape town and commandeered khoikhoi labor
timbuktu
trading city that had a prominent islamic university and 180 schools that taught the quran
the fulani
originally a pastoral people, later led military campaigns to establish islamic states and impose their own brand of islam in west africa. promoted spread of islam to the countryside
the antonian movement
led by dona beatriz who said that st anthony of padua possessed her. promoted an african form of christianity
st antony
franciscan missionary and popular preacher, popular among portuguese christians
king pedro iv
king of kongo, persuaded by christian missionaries to arrest dona beatriz :0
the islamic slave trade
muslim merchants sought african slaves for sale. when traditional sources were insufficient to satisfy demand for slaves, the merchants raided villages and forced innocent ppl to servitude
island of são tomé
had sugar plantations which called for many slaves
triangular trade
european ships often undertook voyages on three legs
leg 1 of triangular trade
european ships carried horses and european manufactured goods which they exchanged in sub-saharan africa for slaves
leg 2 of triangular trade
european ships took enslaved africans to caribbean and american destinations
leg 3 of triangular trade
european merchants sold their human cargoes, filled their vessels’ hulls with american products, and went back to europe
the “middle passage”
the trans-atlantic journey aboard filthy and crowded slave ships
kingdoms of rwanda and burguna, herding societies of the masai and turkana
largely escaped the slave trade because they resisted it and because their lands were distant from the major slave ports on the west african ports
asante, dahomey, and oyo peoples
took advantage of the slave trade to obtain firearms from european merchants and build powerful states in west africa
kingdom of dahomey
when the kingdom of dahomey obtained firearms, its armies were able to capture slaves from unarmed neighboring societies and exchange them for more weapons, resulting in its expansion
maroons
runaway slaves who gathered in mountainous, forested, or swampy regions and built their own self-governing communities
the saramaka people in present-day suriname
maintain an elaborate oral tradition that traces their descent from maroons
saint-domingue
french sugar colony where a slave revolt abolished slavery as an institution. slaves declared independence from france, renamed the land as haiti, and established a self-governing republic
the stono rebellion
slaves used drums to signal one another to rise up during the stono rebellion in south carolina
olaudah equiano
west african who published an autobiography about his experiences as a slave and a free man
