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AP World History > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

Shah Jahan

A

The emperor of Mughal India (another Islamic empire of early modern times)

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2
Q

Peacock Throne

A

Shah Jahan’s ornate throne, made with ten million rupees’ worth of jewels

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3
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Built over the course of 18 years as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died in childbirth. Is a monument to the departed empress and to Shah Jahan’s islamic faith. (Built to symbolize the day when Allah would cause the dead to rise/undergo judgement before his heavenly throne)

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4
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

A dynastic Muslim state centered in modern-day Turkey. It was the longest lived of the Muslim empires, not disbanding until the early 20th century.

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5
Q

Safavid dynasty

A

Ruled a Muslim empire in early 16th century in Persia that never expanded its heartland in present-day Iran, but whose Shiite rulers challenged the Sunni Ottomans for dominance in SW Asia. prospered from trade because it connected trade routes to China, India, Russia, and Mediterranean.

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6
Q

Osman Gazi

A

Founded the Ottoman empire in 1289. Osman and his followers wanted to become Ghazi: Muslim religious warriors

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7
Q

bey

A

chief

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8
Q

Bursa

A

Anatolian city captured by the Ottomans who made it the capital of their principality. Developed into a commercial and intellectual center

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9
Q

Edirne (Adrianople)

A

Became a 2nd Ottoman capital and served as a base for expansion into the Balkans

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10
Q

Devshirme

A

An institution that required the Christian population in the Balkans to contribute young boys to become slaves for the Sultan of the Ottoman empire.

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11
Q

Janissaries

A

Slave boys from the Balkans who became Ottoman soldiers. Gained a reputation of loyalty to the Sultan.

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12
Q

Mehmed the Conqueror

A

Ottoman Sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 and expanded the empire
Ruler of 2 lands (Asia and Europe) and 2 seas (Mediterranean and Black Seas)

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13
Q

Constantinople

A

Became new Ottoman capital. Allowed for further expansion (later Istanbul)

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14
Q

Selim the Grim

A

Ottoman Sultan that expanded empire into Syria and Egypt

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15
Q

Suleyman the Magnificent

A

Sultan that promoted Ottoman expansion and made them a major naval power

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16
Q

Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha

A

A Turkish corsair that placed his pirate fleet under the Ottoman’s flag and became Suleyman’s leading admiral.

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17
Q

Ismail

A

A 14-year old boy who left Gilan, entered Tabriz at the head of an army, and claimed the Persian Imperial Title of Shah. Made religion of his realm Twelver Shiism.

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18
Q

Safi al-Din

A

Leader of a Sufi religious order in NW Persia.

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19
Q

Safavids

A

The family of Shah Ismail who claimed to be descendants of Safi al-Din.

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20
Q

Twelver Shiism

A

The religious belief that there were 12 infallible imams (religious leaders) after Muhammad.

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21
Q

Qizilbash

A

“Red heads” refers to the Turkish followers of Ismail’s father who wore a red hat with 12 pleats in memory of the 12 Shiite imams.

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22
Q

Battle of Chaldiran

A

Selm the Grimm’s Janissaries invaded the Shiite Safavid’s territory and waged a critical battle that was disastrous for Safavids. The Ottomans had the upper hand because they were armed whereas the Safavids were not.

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23
Q

Tabriz

A

Safavid capital that was temporarily occupied by the Ottomans after the Battle of Chaldiran.

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24
Q

Shah Abbas the Great

A

Safavid ruler who moved the capital to Isfahan and encouraged foreign trade.

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25
Q

Zahir al-Din Muhammad

A

aka Babur “the tiger”. He founded the Mughal dynasty in India.

26
Q

Akbar

A

Babur’s grandson who ruled Mughal empire and laid the foundations for future Mughal expansion in southern India.

27
Q

Adham Khan

A

A powerful figure/commander of Mughal army who Akbar threw out a window after an argument.

28
Q

Divine Faith

A

Syncretic religion supported by Akbar that saw the emperor is the ruler of all.

29
Q

Avrangzeb

A

Mughal emperor who waged a relentless campaign to expand Mughal territory into S. India

30
Q

Kanun

A

“Laws” issued by Suleyman.

31
Q

Steppe Traditions

A

Laws created by Islamic emperors like Mehmed’s law that a ruler could legally kill off all his brothers.

32
Q

Chinggis Khan

A

Ruler who revered his mother and first wife.

33
Q

Hurrem Sultana

A

A Ukranian concubine (aka Roxelana) who Suleyman elevated to status of legal wife.

34
Q

Mahd-e Olya

A

The wife of a Shah in Safavid Persia who was the de facto ruler.

35
Q

Emperor Jahangir

A

Let his wife, Nur Janan rule Mughal empire.

36
Q

Tobacco

A

English merchants introduced tobacco and it spread throughout Ottoman empire along with coffee.

37
Q

Sultan Murad IV

A

Tried to outlaw coffee and tobacco in the Ottoman empire but failed.

38
Q

Aleppo

A

City in Syria that became an emporium for foreign merchants and spice trade. Served as the headquarters for the English Levant Company.

39
Q

Portuguese Goa

A

Center of a Christian mission in India

40
Q

Sikhs

A

Combined elements of Hinduism and Islam to make a syncretic religion.

41
Q

Dhimmi

A

“protect people” A policy extended to people conquered by Islamic empires who paid a special tax called “Jizya”

42
Q

Millet

A

autonomous religious communities in Ottoman empire

43
Q

Sinan Pasha

A

Genius architect who built for Suleyman in Istanbul. Built Suleymaniye by blending Byzantine and Islamic architectural monuments

44
Q

Ali Qapu

A

The palace on the square in Isfahan with large balcony

45
Q

Fatehpur Sikri

A

city planned and build by Akbar, served as his capital

46
Q

Shaykh Salim Chishti

A

Akbar’s Sufi guru

47
Q

Selim the Sot and Ibrahim the Crazy

A

Suleyman’s successors who taxed and spent in such excess that government officials murdered him (Ibrahim)

48
Q

Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi

A

A Muslim Conservative Cleric who rebuked Akbar for his policy of religious tolerance

49
Q

William Bedwell

A

English scholar who described Arabic as the only important language from Morocco to China

50
Q

Piri Reis

A

Ottoman admiral and cartographer who produced large scale maps and wrote the Book of Seafaring

51
Q

Printing Press

A

Jewish refugees from Spain introduced the printing press to Anatolia in the 15th century, and it allowed for people to cheaply produce books

52
Q

Ahmadi

A

Poet who said Ghazi were the swords of Allah

53
Q

Ghazi

A

Muslim religious warriors

54
Q

Habsburg Empire

A

Suleyman fought the Habsburg Empire in Europe and eventually won Vienna.

55
Q

Battle of the Mohác

A

Suleyman killed the king of Hungary in the Battle of the Mohác

56
Q

Sufism

A

A mystical belief/practice to recover the intimacy of God and human souls.

57
Q

Ibrahim Pechevi

A

An Ottoman historian who said that tobacco was used as medicine.

58
Q

Isfahan

A

A commercial center and capital for the Safavids.

59
Q

Gujarat

A

A province that Akbar took over in a campaign that enabled him to head off both Portuguese attacks and Ottoman intervention there.

60
Q

Muslim Conservative Clerics

A

Objected any policies against Islam (ie. forced observatory destruction and closed the printing press company)

AP World History (33 decks)

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