Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio Exam 2 > Perio sweep 1 > Flashcards

Perio sweep 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gingival Diseases Modified by Systemic Factors Associated with:

A

the endocrine system (endocrinotropic)
blood dyscrasias
medications
nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrinotropic Gingival Diseases

A 
puberty-associated gingivitis
menstrual cycle-associated gingivitis
pregnancy-associated gingivitis
pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma
diabetes mellitus-associated gingivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

menstrual cycle-associated gingivitis –

A

nonsense, they looked at crevicular fluid flow, but clinically you won’t really see this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gingival Disease Associated with Blood Dyscrasias:

Leukemia-associated gingivitis

A

gingival lesions are primarily found in acute leukemia

reductions in dental plaque can limit the severity of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gingival Disease Modified by Nutrition

Ascorbic acid-deficiency gingivitis

A

Malnourished individuals have a compromised host defense system which may make individuals susceptible to infectious diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The precise role of nutrition in periodontal diseases

A

remains to be elucidated.
Human studies have failed to show a relationship between nutrition and periodontal diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic Periodontitis aka

A

formerly adult perio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chronic Periodontitis

Clinical manifestations

A 
Pocket formation
Loss of attachment
Bleeding/suppuration
Bone loss
Tooth mobility and drifting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Number one difference between gingivitis and other periodontal disease is

A

attachment loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chronic Periodontitis: ———- frequent finding

A

subgingival calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic Periodontitis usually ——– progression

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic Periodontitis: Can be associated with

A

local predisposing factors (e.g., tooth-related) – diabetes ex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronic Periodontitis: extent, severity:

A 
extent
localized < 30% 
generalized (>30%)
severity
slight - 1 to 2 mm CAL
moderate - 3 to 4 mm CAL
severe - > 5 mm CAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aggressive Periodontitis formerly known as

A

prepubertal periodontitis
localized juvenile periodontitis
generalized juvenile periodontitis
early-onset periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aggressive perio Can be identified as either:

A

localized

generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aggressive Periodontitis common features:

A

systemically healthy

rapid attachment loss and bone destruction

familial aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aggressive Periodontitis secondary features:

A

generally but may not be universally present

microbial deposits are inconsistent with the amount of periodontal destruction

elevated Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis

phagocyte abnormalities

hyper-responsive macrophage phenotype (e.g., elevated levels of PGE2 and IL-1b

progression may be self-arresting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Localized Aggressive Periodontitis ———- onset

A

Circumpubertal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LAP: ———– to infecting agents

A

Robust serum antibody response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LAP: Localized first molar/incisor presentation

interproximal attachment loss on at least

A

2 permanent teeth
one of which is a molar
involving no more than 2 teeth other than first molars and incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis characteristics

A

Poor serum antibody response to infecting agents
Pronounced episodic nature of destruction of attachment and bone
Generalized interproximal attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than first molars and incisors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Perio Associated with hematologic disorders

A

acquired neutropenia

leukemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Perio Associated with genetic disorders

A

Familial & cyclic neutropenia
Down syndrome
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome
Papillon-Lefèvre – collagen defect. 1/1000000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trisomy and perio

A 
Down syndrome
autosomal inherited trisomia of chromosome 21
frontal prominence/mesial epicanthus
periodontium
severe inflammation
accelerated attachment loss
PMN chemotaxis and killing defects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome | autosomal recessive hereditary disorder
rapid periodontal destruction around primary and permanent teeth which occurs before puberty
26
Chediak-Higachi syndrome | autosomal recessive hereditary disorder
rapid periodontal destruction around primary and permanent teeth which occurs before puberty
27
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (types IV & VIII) | autosomal dominant hereditary disorder
aggressive periodontitis (primary and permanent dentitions); fragility of gingiva, excessive hemorrhage
28
NPD ----- is why patients come in
pain. have punched out papilla.
29
NPD: Early Clinical Signs
Necrotic lesion of the papilla initially then progressing to gingival margin. Punched-out appearance Spontaneous bleeding Pain
30
NPD: Advanced Lesion
Lack of deep pockets Merging of papillary and marginal involvement Characteristic foetor Central necrosis results in crater formation Involvement of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (NUG  NUP)
31
NUP: Involvement of palatal mucosa ------->
 necrotizing stomatitis
32
NUP: Typically related to
severely compromised immune system (HIV infection, malnutrition May develop into life-threatening situation
33
NUP: Extra-oral involvement of
regional lymph nodes
34
NPD other findings systemically and orally
Fever and malaise. Moderate elevation of temperature can be observed Poor oral hygiene. White membrane of desquamated cells, bacteria, saliva proteins. Membrane can be easily removed
35
A.a is associated with
LAP
36
A.A associated with LAP: Particularly
JP2 Clone , serotype b
37
A.a:
``` Facultative anaerobe, nonmotile. Virulence factors: Leukotoxins: kills PMNs and MΦ LPS: activates cells to produce PGs, IL-1, TNF- Collagenases: degrades collagen fibers Immunosuppressive factors : Lymphocyte supprressing factors Chemotactic suppressing factors ``` Translocate across the JE Invade the CT
38
P. gingivalis
Anaerobe, nonmotile, G-.
39
P. Gingivalis: Virulence factors:
Proteinases: Gingipains, Collagenases LPS: activates cells to produce PGs, IL-1β, TNF-α Inibits IL-8: ↓ chemotaxis of PMNs.
40
Proposed inheritance mode for LAP:
autosomal dominant.
41
LAP host response
Impaired neutrophil function (chemotaxis and phagocytosis.) Significantly higher levels of prostaglandin E2 in GCF. Antibody against A.a is extremely high(Levels in sulcus fluid higher than in peripheral blood) High titers and high avidity of IgG2 in LAP. Low levels of Ab against P.g in GAP patients .
42
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)
Introduced by World Health Organization Major advantages include simplicity, speed, reproducibility and uniformity Can be used as part of a global surveillance system to compare periodontal health in differing countries Provides information concerning the type of disease and therefore the extent of therapy
43
CPITN: Mouth divided into
sextants defined by tooth numbers: | 1–5, 6–11, 12–16, 17–21, 22–27, 28–32
44
CPITN: Index is calculated by...
teeth in each sextant probed and pocket depth, subgingival calculus and bleeding response determined
45
CPITN coding:
0 = patient keeps doing what they’re doing. 1 = BOP. Some inflammation – plaque probably, maybe calculus. Prophy, OHI, 6 month recalls. 2 = remove plaque retentive factor (amalgam overhang). In many cases, perio case treatment is not perio treatment. Smooth down overhang. 3 = Lose plaque. Deepened sulcus, maybe a pocket, once you get score of 3, you don’t know cause. Drop PSR probe and start perio evaluation. Treatment = full comprehensive perio eval. 4 = Pocket 6mm or more X – Excluded sextant (not shown) 9 – Not recorded (not shown)
46
CPITN has
This has limited use in children.
47
There are two major forms of periodontal diseases.
Gingival diseases | Destructive periodontal diseases
48
Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent throughout the world. Majority of studies:
10 -20% for advanced levels of periodontitis
49
Periodontal health affects approximately ---- of population.
10%
50
Candidosis-Candida species isolated from the mouth:
C.albicans, C.glabrata, C.krusei, C.tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. guillermondii.
51
Oral carriage of C.albicans in healthy adults:
3-48%.
52
Candidiosis associated with
Reduced host defense {immunosuppressed individuals, infant and adult who has been on antibiotic therapy for some time}
53
C.albicans is frequently isolated from the
subgingival flora of patients with severe periodontitis.
54
Candidosis- Diagnosis:
A culture on Nickersons medium at room temp. Microscopic examination of a smear of the material scraped from the lesion and stained.
55
Candidosis: Treatment:
The use of the antimycotic/antifungal agents | [example: Nystatin given as a mouthrinse or systemically]
56
In otherwise healthy patients, oral candidosis rarely manifests in the
gingiva. This is suprising considering that C albicans is frequently isolated from the subgingival flora of patients with severe periodontitis.
57
Most clinical charateristic of gingival candidal infections is
redness of the attached gingiva, often associated with granular surface. There are different types: Pseudomembraneous, erythematous, plaque type, nodular…
58
Pseudomembraneous shows | candisosis
patches which can be whiped off
59
Erythematous are candisosis
intensely red usually associated with pain,
60
candisosis Plaque type has
whitish plaque that cannot be removed by whiping…
61
Candidosis; Diagnosis can be completed by
culture, smear and biopsy
62
Linear gingival erythema- | -
Distinct linear erythematous band limited to the free gingiva. - Lack of bleeding. Positive for C.albicans by culture: 50% of HIV associated gingivitis sites, 26% of unaffected sites of HIV seropositive patients, 3% of healthy sites of HIV negative patients.
63
Linear gingival erethema Treatment generally include
conventional tx+chlorhexidine rinse for 3 months.
64
Linear gingival erythema- | - Gingival manifestation of
immunosuppression characterized by a distinct linear erythematous band limited to the free gingiva
65
Linear gingival erythema: - Does not respond well to
improved oral hygiene or to scaling.
66
Linear gingival erythema: - A disproportion between
inflammation and plaque accumulation.
67
Linear gingival erythema: Treatment:
- Conventional therapy plus chlorhexidine 0.12% rinse | - Antimycotic therapy if Candida is detected.
68
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis- | -
Diffuse gingival enlargement. - Disease entity or a part of a syndrome. (example: hypertrichosis, mental retardation, epilepsy, hearing loss, growth retardation, abnormalities of extremities) - May interfere with or prevent tooth eruption.
69
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: Possible mechanism(s):
TGF-1 favor the accumulation of ECM. | May be located on chromosome 2 in human
70
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare gingival lesion that presents as
localized | or generalized enlargement of the attached gingiva.
71
Type I reactions (immediate Type),mediated by | allergy
IgE, | or
72
Type IV reactions | allergy
(delayed type) mediated by T-cells. | [12-48 hrs following contact with allergen]
73
Allergies to: | Dental restorative materials
(type IV, contact allergy)
74
Allergies; A diffuse fiery red edematous gingivitis sometimes with
ulcerations or whitening.
75
Physical traumatic lesions- Hyperkeratosis, also,
a white leukoplakia-like, frictional keratosis. Gingival laceration resulting in gingival recession. Traumatic ulcerative gingival lesion. (brushing and flossing techniques)
76
TFO without Periodontitis
Injury results in acute (not plaque associated) inflammation PDL collagen destruction Cementum resorption Bone loss No attachment loss Adaptation may occur: tooth may become mobile, but no further injury

Perio Exam 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions