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Perio Exam 2 > Midterm 2 Review > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Gingivitis

A
  • confined to gingiva
  • presence of plaque
  • inflammation
  • no loss of attachment
  • reversibility
  • precursor to attachment loss
  • modified by endocrine, blood, medications, nutrition
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2
Q

Plaque induced gingivitis

A
  • plaque present at margin
  • bleeding
  • increased GCF
  • histological changes
  • reversible with plaque removal
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3
Q

Non-plaque induced gingivitis

A

-Tooth abnormalities, dental restorations, root fractures, cervical root resorption

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4
Q

Aggressive periodontitis

A
  • between puberty & 20yrs
  • localized CAL in first molars/incisors at least 1 molar affected
  • no more than 2 teeth other than first molar and incisor
  • CAL inconsistent with plaque and calculus
  • less intense gingival inflammation
  • IgG2 serum antibody response
  • self-limiting
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5
Q

Localized chronic periodontitis symptoms

A

<30%

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6
Q

Generalized periodontitis symptoms

A

> 30%

poor serum antibody response

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7
Q

Severity levels

A

slight- 1-2mm CAL
moderate- 3-4mm CAL
severe- >5mm

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8
Q

Recurrent HSV

A
  • herpes labialis
  • vermilion border
  • DD: apthous ulcers
  • Tx: limit bacterial superinfection, antiviral in immunocompromised patients
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9
Q

Herpes zoster

A
  • varicella zoster virus
  • unilateral lesions- small ulcers usually on tongue, palatal and gingiva; skin lesion may be associated with intraoral lesions
  • latent in DRG
  • 2nd and 3rd branch of tri gang
  • tx: soft diet, rest, atraumatic plaque removal, diluted chlorhexidine rinses- supplement with antivirals
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10
Q

Thrush

A

Candida albicans
acquired during birth
pseudomembranous/erosive lesions
predisposing conditions: antibiotics, immunosuppresions, malnutrion, HIV, diabetes
diagnosis: microscopic exam, clinical signs, culture misleading (on Nickerson’s medium)
tx: fluconazole, amphotericin B

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11
Q

Lichen planus

A
  • oral involvement alone
  • low premalignant potential
  • characteristic skin lesions
  • subepithelial accumulation of lymphocytes
  • type IV hypersensitivity rxn
  • fibrin in basement membrane
  • deposits of IgM, C3, C4, C5
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12
Q

Pemphigoid

A
  • Autoantibody rxn against hemidesmosomes and lamina lucida components
  • detachment of epithelium from the CT
  • complement mediated cell destructive processes implicated
  • deposits of C3, IgG and other Igs
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13
Q

Reliability

A

similar results when tests are performed

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14
Q

Validity

A

results accurate

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15
Q

NUG

A
  • pain, ulceration and necrosis of interdental papillae
  • DD: herpetic gingivostomatitis
  • Predisposing: AIDS, systemic diseases, WBC disorders
  • Tx: oral hygiene, mechanical debridement, systemic antibiotic therapy, surgical correction of gingival destruction
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16
Q

Periapical cemental dysplasia

A
  • fibrous-osseous cemental lesions
  • tooth vital
  • asymptomatic
  • periapical bone replaced by cellular fibroblastic tissue through cementoblastic phase
  • DD: cemento-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia
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17
Q

Primary TFO

A

-excessive force on normal teeth

18
Q

Secondary TFO

A

-normal force on compromised teeth

19
Q

Fremitus

A

-shaking of teeth when they come into occlusion

20
Q

Pathologic migration

A
  • movement of teeth due to disease

- usually happens during chronic periodontitis

21
Q

Co-destruction

A
  • TFO plus periodontitis could impact progression of disease

- alters severity and pattern of inflammatory periodontal disease

22
Q

pyogenic granuloma

A

-pregnancy tumor

23
Q

AA

A 
JP2 clone serotype B
facultative anaerobe, nonmotile 
leukotoxins
LPS
Collagenases
Immunosuppressive factors
translocate across JE and invade CT
24
Q

Fibroma/fibrous hyperplasia

A
  • caused by irritation
  • DD- giant cell fibroma
  • sessile, well-circumscribed, smooth surfaced nodules
25
Q

pyogenic granuloma

A
  • ulcerated, at gingival margin
  • bleeding is common, highly vascular with chronic inflammatory cells
  • DD-pregnancy tumor
26
Q

peripheral giant cell granuloma

A
  • anywhere on mucosa
  • red or purple
  • focal collection of multi-nucleated osteoclast like giant cells with richly cellular and vascular stroma separated by collagenous septa
  • probably originated from periodontal ligament
27
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A
  • lips and palate
  • papillomatous surface with hyperkeratinization and elongated rete ridges
  • associated with HPV II and IV
28
Q

osteosarcoma

A

7% of all osteosarcomas occur in the jaws

widening of pdl is common

29
Q

herditary gingival fibromatosis

A

diffuse gingival enlargement
may interfere with or prevent tooth eruption
possible mechanism: TGF-B1 favor accumulation of ECM
may be located on chromosome 2 (defect in Son of Sevenless-1 gene)

30
Q

Loe and Silness plaque index

A
  • 0: no plaque
  • 1: film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin
  • 2: moderate accumulation of soft deposit within gingival pocket or tooth and gingival margin
  • 3: abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket or on tooth and gingival margin
31
Q

gingival index

A
  • 0: normal
  • 1: mild inflammation, slight color change and edema, no BOP
  • 2: moderate inflammation, redness, edema, BOP
  • 3: severe inflammation, erythema, edema, ulceration, spontaneous bleeding (brushing, eating, blood on pillow)
32
Q

PSR

A
  • colored probe
  • worst is when you cannot see colored area, increase with BOP
  • 1 BOP
  • 2 colored area visible still but calculus
  • 3 covering up colored area partially with calc or bop
  • 4 cannot see colored area
33
Q

O’leary Index

A
  • plaque index
  • disclosing solution
  • rinse
  • count up number of colored surfaces
  • divide teeth in 4 surfaces and count surfaces and then divide by total number of surfaces
34
Q

NIDR calculus index

A
  • 0: absent calc
  • 1: supra calc
  • 2: subG calc
35
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • C albicans
  • reduced host defense
  • low pain, red and white lesions, can be scraped from mucosa
  • in immunocompromised pts
  • use of the antimycotic/antifungal agents
36
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A
  • formation of intraepithelial bullae in skin and mucous membranes
  • Jews and Mediterranean
  • Painful erosion, ulcerations
  • middle age or elderly
  • Acantholysis
37
Q

Lupus

A
  • autoimmune CT: autoantibodies form to various cellular constituents
  • irradiating fine white striae with periphery of telangiectasia
  • lesions can be ulcerated and cannot be differentiated from leukoplakia or atrophic oral lichen planus
  • butterfly skin lesions
  • increased width of BM
  • deposits of various Igs C3 and fibrin along BM
38
Q

Chronic periodontitis

A
  • familial history
  • poor serum antibody response
  • older pts
  • slow progression
  • attachment loss
  • calculus and plaque consistent with disease
39
Q

Acantholysis

A
  • canthus layer = stratum spinosum

- breakdown of spinous bridges

40
Q

Periapical cemental dysplasia

A
  • fibrous-osseous cemental lesions: periapical bone is replaced by cellular fibroblastic tissue through a cementoblastic phase
  • tooth usually vital
  • asymptomatic
  • DD- cemento-ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia
41
Q

Clinical signs of TFO

A
  • progressive tooth mobility
  • fremitus
  • pathologic migration
  • Infrabony pockets
  • buttressing bone
  • Widened PDL
  • Trabecular Bone
  • Angular bone loss, and or furcations

Perio Exam 2 (20 decks)

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