Perio final Flashcards
Tissues of the periodontium
Gingiva, Cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
Gingiva
Tissue that covers the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws
periodontal ligament
Fibers that surround the root of the tooth. One side attaches to bone and the other side attaches to cementum. Soft connective tissue that covers the root of a tooth. Dense fibrous connective tissue
Cementum
Thin layer of mineralized tissue that covers the root of the tooth
Alveolar bone
Bone that surrounds the roots of teeth. It forms the bony socket that supports and protects the root of the teeth
Where is the gingival margin located
Coronal to the CEJ of each tooth and attaches to the tooth by junctional epithelium
Four anatomical areas that the gingiva is divided into
Free gingiva, ginigival sulcus, interdental gingiva, attached gingiva
Free gingival groove
Shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva. Rarely visible
Mucogingival junction
Clinically visible boundary where the pink attached gingiva meets the red, shiny alveolar mucosa
Attached gingiva
Continuous with free gingiva; widest at in the incisor and molar region. Keratinized tightly connected to the cementum and alveolar bone. Allows gingival tissue to withstand mechanical forces. Dimpled or stippled
5 functions of the PDL
Support, sensory,Nutrition, Formative, Remodeling
What characteristic of cementum makes it possible for teeth to be moved during ortho treatment
Resistance to resorption
Acellular cementum
Forms before teeth are in occlusion
Cellular cementum
Forms after the teeth have reached occlusion
Where does cementum receive its nutrients from
PDL
sharpey fibers
Ends of the periodontal ligament fibers that are embedded in the cementum and alveolar bone
What can happen if teeth do not erupt
The alveolar bone does not develop
What type of epithelium makes up the oral cavity
Stratified squamous epithelium; functions well in a wet environment
Fibroblasts
Cells that form Extracellular matrix and secrete into the intercellular spaces
Macrophages and neutrophils
“Cell eaters” devour dying cells and microorganisms that invade the body
Lymphocytes
Cells that play a major role in the immune response
Specialized forms of connective tissue
Cementum, dentin, alveolar bone, pulp
Free gingiva
Unattached portion of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth
Gingival sulcus
Space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface
What is the base of the sulcus formed by
Junctional epithelium
Histology
Study of microscopic features of tissues
Oral epithelium
Face oral cavity
Sulcular epithelium
Faces he tooth surface without being in contact with the tooth surface; lines the sulcus
Junctional epithelium
Attaches the gingiva to the tooth
4 layer of the OE stratified squamous epithelium
(Deepest to superficial)
-basal cell
-prickle cell
-granular cell
-keratinized cell
3 layer of the SE
-basal cell
-prickle cell
-superficial cell
Nonkeratinized because there is no keratinized layer
2 layers of junctional epithelium
-basal cell
-prickle cell
Nonkeratinized
Periodontal disease
Bacterial infection of the periodontium
How soon can gingivitis be observed
4- 14 days after plaque biofilm accumulation in the gingival sulcus
Acute gingivitis
Lasts a short period of time, appears swollen, fluid in the gingival Connective tissue
Chronic gingivitis
Lasts for months or years
Gingival pocket
Deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of swelling or enlargement of the gingival tissue
Pseudo pockets
Have no apical migration of the junctional epithelium
Junctional epithelium in gingivitis
Detaches from the tooth resulting in a slight increased probing depth
Gingival health the junctional epithelium
Attaches to the enamel of the tooth crown
In periodontitis the Junctional epithelium attaches
To the cementum of the toot root
Most common type of periodontal disease
Plaque induced gingivitis
Systemic conditions for plaque induced gingival disease
Gender, hormones, pregnancy, hyperglycemia, leukemia, smoking, malnutrition
What is the #1 tooth loss in adults
Bacterial infection
