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Dental hygiene > Dental health final > Flashcards

Dental health final Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of supra gingival calculus

A

Saliva

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2
Q

Primary prevention

A

To prevent disease

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3
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Treating early disease

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4
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Complex therapy

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5
Q

Brass method

A

Filaments are parallel to long axis of the tooth 45 degree angle

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6
Q

Fones

A

Best method for children to learn

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7
Q

Neural sodium fluoride (NaF)

A

pH=7 foam, gel, rinse 2% solution, 9059ppm, doesnt stain, improved taste

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8
Q

Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)

A

pH= 3.5 tissue compatible, 12300ppm, gel,foam, taste accepted contraindications pt with composite, porcelain, titanium, implants, titanium ortho applicances

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9
Q

Stannous fluoride (SNF2)

A

Gel, unstable in aqueous solution, bad taste, gingival irritant, staining bactericidal, in tooth paste with whiting agent

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10
Q

How is fluoride absorbed though the body

A

GI track

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11
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Bacteriostatic

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12
Q

Astringent

A

Shrinkage and arrests discharge

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13
Q

Chemotherapeutic agent

A

Theapeutic reasons

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14
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of disease w/ chemical/pharmaceutical agents

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15
Q

Chx

A

Chlorhexidine

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16
Q

Humectant

A

Used to retain moisture prevent hardening when exposed to air

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17
Q

Inflammatory mediator

A

Chemical that impacts immune inflammatory process (usually used as an anti inflammatory mediator

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18
Q

Substantivity

A

Ability to bind to pellicle, tooth and soft tissue and then released over a period of times/ retention of its potency

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19
Q

Therapeutic rinse

A

Chem w/ therapeutic properties, rinse or irrigation

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20
Q

What is for prevention of caries

A

Fluoride and xylitol

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21
Q

Reminerization

A

Fluoride is used to enhance

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22
Q

Reduction of biofilm formation

A

Triclosan, zinc citrate, stannous fluoride

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23
Q

Reduction of gingivitis/inflammation

A

Triclosan=reduction in supragingival biofilm, gingival inflammation

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24
Q

Substantivity for 12 hours

A

Triclosan + polyvinyl methoxyethyene + Maleic acid

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25
Q

Reduction of dentin hypersensitivity

A

5% potassium nitrate

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26
Q

Reduction of Supragingival calculus

A

Pyrophosphate salts, zinc salts, sodium hexametaphosphate, Triclosan/ copolymer

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27
Q

Surfactant/detergent

A

Foaming and cleansing Substances used: sodium lauryl sulfate USP, Sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate 1-2%

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28
Q

Abrasive

A

Cleaning and polishing
Abrasives used: calcium carbonate,Phosphate salts, hydrated aluminum oxide, silicas 20-40%

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29
Q

Binder

A

Thickening agent and stabilizes formula 1-2 %

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30
Q

humectant

A

Prevents water loss/Harding of dentifrice
Substances used: xylitol, Glycerol, Sorbitol 20-40%

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31
Q

Preservative

A

Prevents microorganisms from destroying the dentifrice in storage
Substance used: alcohol, benzoates, dichlorinated phenols 2-3 %

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32
Q

Flavoring

A

Sweetener Substances used: essential oils Noncaiogenic sweeteners xylitol, glycerol, sorbital 1-1.5%

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33
Q

Water

A

Maintain the ingredient in formulation

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34
Q

Substantivity

A

Ability of an active agent to be retained in the mouth and continue to release agents over a period of time with out losing its strength

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35
Q

1st generation mouthwash

A

Less Substantivity

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36
Q

2nd generation

A

Proven substantivity and antibacterial properties

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37
Q

What year did the ADA start

A

1931

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38
Q

Community water fluoridation

A

Grand Rapids, Michigan added fluoride to the areas water supply in 1945

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39
Q

Primary mineral in teeth

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

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40
Q

Calcium fluoroapatite

A

Fluoride can be substituted to create, more stable in acidic environment

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41
Q

Fluoridated water lowers tooth decay by

A

25 % over a persons lifetime

42
Q

What % of the population can access fluoridated water supply

A

74%

43
Q

Systemic intake

A

Ingested and circulated throughout body. Fluoride is made available to teeth during formation as well as in saliva

44
Q

Topical

A

Direct exposure to erupted teeth

45
Q

Optimal concentration of water Fluoridation

A

0.7ppm

46
Q

Acute toxicity

A

Rapid ingestion of excessive quantities over a short time

47
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

Long term ingestion of a higher than therapeutic dose

48
Q

Certainly leather dose CLD

A

Adults- 5-10g
Children- 0.5-1.0 g

49
Q

Dental fluorosis

A

Chronic ingestion, mottled to pitted appearance in most incidence more resistant to Carie’s but have cosmetic problems

50
Q

How much toothpaste would you need to eat before it would kill you

A

24- 6oz tubes- adult

51
Q

Fluoride mechanism of action for desensitization

A

Occlude dentin tubules

52
Q

Systemic fluoride

A

Longer lasting, in the water, supplements and foods, not for pregnant women

53
Q

Interpersonal communication

A

Communication between 2 people or in a small group

54
Q

Subjective data

A

Perceptions, values, emotions, knowledge, needs, wants

55
Q

Informed consent

A

Pts understand and accept treatment
Liability

56
Q

In 1901 Dr. Fredrick McKay noticed a stain in a specific area

A

Colorado brown stain

57
Q

Triclosan is used to prevent what

A

Supragingival calculus

58
Q

Which mouth rinse is linked to oral leukoplakia

A

Sanguinarine mouth wash

59
Q

Where is the heavies location of subgingival calulus

A

Interproximal

60
Q

How many days does it take for rapid calculus to form

A

10 days

61
Q

Active ingredient that is used to fight calculus

A

Triclosan

62
Q

Social interaction

A

Between people who come together to share ideas to solve a problem

63
Q

Basic communication theory

A

People are more likely to feel a commitment to a goal if they share in its development and if the goal meets their individual needs

64
Q

CARE

A

Comfort, Acceptance, Responsiveness, Empathy

65
Q

Factors that influence goal development and commitment

A

Interest, Beliefs, Time, Ability/dexterity, Resources

66
Q

Informed refusal

A

Persons choice not to accept treatment after being fully educated about risks and benefits, and alternatives associated with treatment

67
Q

Assessments (objective data)

A

Health history, personal history, E&I, Periodontal exam, Restorative exam, Radiographs, Vital signs

68
Q

Assessments (subjective data)

A

Perceptions, values, emotions, knowledge, comfort, acceptance, Responsiveness, needs ,wants

69
Q

In planning

A

Pt should be co-therapist; active participant in development of treatment plan

70
Q

Preventive

A

Method employed by clinician to promote and maintain oral health

71
Q

4 crystals that form calcium phosphate

A

Hydroxyapatite 58%
Octacalcium phosphate 21%
Magnisum Whitlock 21%
Brushite 9%

72
Q

Bacterial plaque

A

Most important etiological factor in gingival and periodontal disease and caries

73
Q

Acellular, thin, formed by proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, forms with 30-90 minutes

A

Acquired pellicle

74
Q

Roles of acquired pellicle

A

Protects, lubricants, acts as nidus, mode of calculus attachment

75
Q

Microbial dental plaque

A

Non mineralized, organized mass of bacterial plaque

76
Q

Stages in formation of plaque biofilm

A

Pellicle formation, bacterial colonization, biofilm growth, matrix formation

77
Q

How often does bacterial plaque accumulate on teeth

A

Every 12-24 hours

78
Q

Most common extrinsic stain

A

Yellow, green, tobacco, black line

79
Q

Exogenous

A

Develops from sources outside tooth from exposure to environmental factors

80
Q

Endogenous

A

Enveloped from with in the tooth: Always intrinsic

81
Q

Endogenous intrinsic stains

A

Pulpless teeth, tetracyclines, imperfect tooth development, other systemic causes

82
Q

Most frequent sites for supragingival calulus

A

Proximity of salivary ducts, crowns of teeth out of occlusion, non functioning teeth, teeth missed during homecare, dentures, surfaces for prosthesis, tongue rings

83
Q

Subgingival biofilm ___ form by extension of supra gingival biofilm

A

Does

84
Q

Sub gingival calculus ____ develop be direct extension from supra gingival calculus

A

Does not

85
Q

Light calculus formers

A

Higher levels of parotid pyrophosphate

86
Q

Heavy calculus formers

A

Higher saliva levels of calcium and phosphorus

87
Q

Slow calculus take ____ days to form

A

20

88
Q

Average calculus formation

A

12 days

89
Q

What is the first choice for interproximal cleaning

A

Interdental brush; more effective than floss

90
Q

Where do most gingival diseases start

A

Col area; nonkeratinized less resistant to bacteria

91
Q

Phase 1: incipient lesion

A

Caries limited to the enamel

92
Q

pH for decay enamel

A

4.5-5.0

93
Q

pH decay for cementum

A

6.0-6.7

94
Q

Tooth brush bristles

A

Extra soft 0.075mm hard 0.3mm

95
Q

Rolling stroke

A

For children with healthy gingiva

96
Q

Modified stillman

A

Parallel to tooth vibrate for 10 seconds then roll to the occlusal

97
Q

Charters

A

Start with bristles pointing towards the occlusal

98
Q

Reasons for cleaning a prosthetic

A

Prevents irritation, controls infection, prevents malOder, maintain appearance

99
Q

What arch should you stand behind the pt when removing

A

Maxillary

100
Q

Steps for preventive program

A

1) assess needs
2)plan for intervention

3)implement
4) preform services
5)evaluate progressive changes
6)provide maintenance

Dental hygiene (20 decks)

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