Oral pathology test 6 Flashcards
Alleles
Genes that are located at the same level or locus in the 2 chromosomes of a pair and determine the same functions
amino acid
Organic compound containing an amino group NH2; amino acids are the main component of proteins
Autosomes
Nonsex chromosomes (identical for men and women)
Barr body
Condensed chromatin of the inactivated X chromosome (found at the periphery of the nucleus cells in women)
Carrier
Heterozygous individual who is clinically normal but can transmit a recessive trait or characteristic; person who is homozygous for autosomal dominant condition with low penetrance
Centromere
Constricted portion of the chromosome that divides the short arms from the long arms
Chromatid
Either of the two vertical halves of a chromosome that are joined at the centromere
Chromatin
Material DNA that forms the chromosome
Chromosome
Structure located in the nucleus where genes are found
Codon
Sequence of 3 bases in DNA that encodes an amino acid
Coloboma
Congenital defect of the eye; notch on the outer area of the lower eyelid
Consanguinity
Blood relationships; mating with close relatives
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Substance composed of a double chain of polynucleotides with both chains could around the c
Diploid
Having 2 sets of chromosomes; normal constituent of somatic cells
Dominant
Trait that is manifested when it is carried by only one pair of homologous chromosomes
Expressivity
Degree of clinical manifestation of a trait
Facies
Appearance of the face
Gamete
Spermatozoon or ovum
Gene
Hereditary units, transmitted from one generation to the next; made up nucleotides and location on chromosome
Genetic heterogeneity
Having more than 1 inheritance pattern
Haploid
Single set of chromosomes; gamete is a haploid
Heterozygote
Individual with 2 different genes at the allele loci
Is the carrier
Homozygote
Individual with identical genes at the allele loci
hypertlorism
Condition in which there is greater- than-normal distance between 2 paired organs; ocular hypertelorism, a condition marked by a greater than normal distance between the eyes
Hypodontia
Developmental condition marked by fewer than normal teeth; partial anodontia
Hypohidosis
Abnormally diminished secretion of sweat
Hypoplastic
Underdeveloped
Karyotype
Photomicrographic represention of a persons chromosomal constition arranged according to the Denver classification
Locus
Position occupied be a gene on a chromosome
meiosis
2 step cellular division of the original germ cells which reduce the chromosomes from 4n DNA to 1n DNA
Metaphase
Cellular division where the chromosomes are lined up along the equatorial plane when they are most visible
Mitochondria
Cytoplasmic organelles that have their own DNA in a circular chromosome
Mitochondrial DNA
DNA that is maternally inherited
