Oral pathology test 5 Flashcards
Ankyloglossia
Extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth or the lingual aspect of the anterior portion of he mandible
ankylosed teeth
Teeth that are fused to the alveolar bone; especially common with retained deciduous teeth
anodontia
Congenital lack of teeth; Lack of ALL teeth.
Rare
Maybe be associated with ectodermal dysplasia
Anomaly
Marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects
Commissure
Site of union of corresponding parts (corners of the lips) (Labial commissure, commissural lip pits)
Concrescence
Condition where 2adjacent teeth become united by cementum
-Discovered on radiographs
-most common in adjacent maxillary molars and supernumerary teeth
-Treatment: if needed remove involved teeth
Congenital disorder
Disorder present at the time of birth
Cyst
Abnormal sac r cavity lined by epithelium and surrounded by fibrous CT
Dens in dente
Tooth with in a tooth
Developmental abnormalities when the enamel organ invaginates into the crown of a tooth before mineralization
- pear shaped radiographically
- most common on the maxillary lateral incisors
- treatment; protect from carries
Dentinogenesis
Formation of dentin
Differentiation
Distinguishing one tissue from another
Dilaceration
Abnormal bend or curve (root of the tooth)
-discovered on x-ray
- can be a problem if the tooth needs to be removed or RCT
-Can occur in deciduous or permanent
-Can also happen on the crown
- caused by trauma to tooth fern during development
Fusion
Union of 2 adjacent tooth germs
Gemination
Twinning; single tooth germ attempts to divide = incomplete formation of 2 teeth with single root and crown
Hypodontia
Partial anodontia; lack of one or more teeth
Most common permanent teeth
-Mandibular and maxillary 3rd molars
-Maxillary lateral incisors
-Mandibular 2nd premolars
Most common deciduous teeth
-Mandibular incisors
Tends to be a family thing
Component of a syndrome
Hypercementosis
Excessive cementum on the roots of teeth
Impacted teeth
Teeth that cannot erupt into the oral cavity because of a physical obstruction
Macrodontia
Abnormally large teeth
Macrognathia
Enlarged jaw
Microdontia
One or more teeth are abnormally small teeth
Involving a single tooth is more common -Maxillary lateral incisor (pegged lateral) and maxillary 3rd molar most commonly involved
Multiocular
Radiographic appearance in which many circular radiolucencies exist; can look like a soap bubble or honey comb
Nodule
Small solid mass that can be detected through touch
Oligodontia
Subcategory of hypodontia in which 6 or more teeth are missing
Predilection
Disposition in favor of something “preference”
Proliferation
Multiplication of cells
stomodeum
Embryonic invagination that becomes the oral cavity
Supernumerary
Excess of the normal or regular number as in teeth
Formation of extra tooth buds in the dental lamina or the splitting of already existing buds
May be in primary or permanent
Most often in the maxilla
Smaller than the other teeth may not erupt
Mesiodens
Most common supernumerary
Located between maxillary incisors
Maybe inverted when seen in radiographs
Distomolar
Second most common supernumerary tooth
Located distal to the 3rd molar
Multiple supernumerary teeth may be associated with
Cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome
True generalized microdontia
Seen in dwarf; all teeth are smaller than normal
Generalized relative microdontia
normal sized teeth appear small in a large jaw
Seen in gigantism
Abnormalities in the shape of teeth
-Germination
-fusion
-concrescence
-dilaceration
-Enamel pearl
-talon cusp
-taurodontism
-dens in dente
-Dens evaginatus
-Supernumerary roots
Gemination
Single tooth attempts to divide in 2
Most common deciduous tooth
-Primary mandibular incisor
Most common permanent tooth
-Maxillary incisors
Looks like 2 crowns joined by a notch in the incisal area
Pt still has the correct amount of teeth
Fusion
2 normally separated adjacent tooth germs
Most common in the anterior region (incisors)
Single large crown
Pt is usually missing 1 tooth
Hypercementosis
Excessive cementum on the roots of teeth
-happens in adults increases the amount with age
- associated with many local and systemic factors
- no treatment necessary
Enamel pearl
- Small, spherical enamel projection on the root surface
-maxillary molars
-removal maybe necessary for perio problems
-clinical; maybe mistaken for calculus - uncommon
Talon cusp
Cingulum area of maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor
- Made of enamel and dentin; contains the pulp horn
- May interfere with occlusion
-Treatment; remove if occlusion interfere
Taurodontism
Elongated pulp chambers and short roots
- in deciduous and permanent
-no treatment
Dens evaginatus
Accessory enamel cusp on the occlusal of tooth surface
- most common on mandibular premolar’s
-caused by he proliferation and out pouching of the enamel
-pulp horn may be in the enamel cusp
Supernumerary roots
Any tooth
-Most common single rooted teeth; Mandibular bicuspid and cuspids
-Mast common multi rooted teeth; maxillary and mandibular 3rd molars
Abnormalities tooth structure
- enamel hypoplasia
-Enamel hypocalcification - endogenous staining of the teeth
-Regional ondontodysplasia
Factors that cause enamel hypoplasia
-Amelogenesis imperfecta
Febrile illness (measles, chickenpox, scarlet fever)
Vitamin deficiency
Infection of a deciduous tooth
Ingestion of fluoride
Congenital syphilis
Birth injury, premature birth
Idiopathic factors
When does enamel hypoplasia occur?
During enamel matrix formation when there is damage to the ameloblasts
Enamel hypoplasia caused by febrile illness or vitamin deficiency
- only happens to the teeth forming at the time of injury
Enamel hypoplasia resulting from local infection or trauma
-if it’s a single tooth its a turner tooth
- color will range from yellow to brown or severe pitting deformity can occur
Enamel hypoplasia resulting from fluoride ingestion
- mottled discoloration of enamel
- 2-3 time the amount of fluoride leads to white flecks and chalky opaque areas of enamel
-4X’s causes black or brown staining
Enamel hypocalcification
-worst because enamel is soft
- A chalky white spot on the middle 1/3 of smooth crowns
Endogenous staining of teeth
Result of deposition of substance during tooth development
-Tetracycline stain
-Erythroblastosis fetalis: Rh incompatibility
-neonatal liver disease
-congenital porphyria: inherited metabolic disease
Regional odontodysplasia (ghost teeth)
-Very thin enamel and dentin present
- treatment; extraction
Abnormalities of tooth eruption
Impacted teeth- obstruction
Embedded teeth- lack of eruptive force
-between 12-24 years
Ankylosed teeth
-Deciduous molars are most common
-teeth cementum fused to bone
-prevents exfoliation of deciduous tooth and of eruption of underlying adult tooth
-difficult to extract
