Perio 2 Flashcards
State free from inflammatory periodontal disease
Allows individual to function normally and avoid consequences (mental or physical) due to current or past disease
Characteristics of periodontal health
Absence of
-bleeding on probing
-erythema
-edema
- pt symptoms
-attachment loss
-bone loss
Intact periodontium
No loss of periodontal tissue (EVER)
Reduced periodontium
Pre existing loss of periodontal tissue but no current activity of loss of CT or alveolar bone
Periodontal health can have
Intact or reduced periodontium
Categories of periodontal health
1) intact periodontium
2) reduced periodontium
3) reduced periodontium in successfully treated stable periodontitis patients
Common characteristics of gingivitis
Bacterial plaque biofilm accumulated at or below gingival margin
Signs of inflammation to the gingiva
No attachment loss
Reversible inflammation
Gingivitis plaque induced modified by systemic conditions
Diabetes
Hormones
Pregnancy
Leukemia
Smoking
Malnutrition
Medications
Most common type of periodontal disease
Plaque induced gingivitis
The primary strategy for preventing periodontitis
Managing gingivitis
Inflammation in children is ____ as in adults
Not as intense
____ have fewer pathogenic bacteria in plaque biofilm than ___
Children, adults
Children’s immune response is ____ and therefore ___ the same response to plaque biofilm
Less developed, do not have
Clinical signs of plaque induced gingivitis
-Change in color most evident at gingival margin
-Edema swelling
-bleeding evident upon gentle probing
-tenderness
Papillary gingivitis
Involves interdental papillae
Marginal gingivitis
Includes interdental papillae plus adjacent gingival margin
Diffuse gingivitis
Includes interdental papillae,gingival margin, and contiguous attached gingiva
Acute gingivitis
Short duration, return to health after good patient self care
Chronic gingivitis
Long lasting, may exist for years without progression
Three categories of plaque induced gingivitis
1) Intact periodontium (no bone loss)
2) Reduced periodontium (bone loss) in successfully treated stable perio pt
3) reduced periodontium (bone loss) in a non-perio pt
Gingivitis on a reduced periodontium in a non perio Pt
From ortho, can result in recession
Levels of sex hormones cause
Bright red tissue, soft, thinly stretched, smooth and bleed easy
Pregnancy associated gingivitis
Exaggerating inflammation response usually 2nd or 3rd trimester
Pyogenic granuloma
Most common in maxillary and gingival papillae
Mushroom like growth
Not cancerous
Not painful
Exaggerated response to irritation
Growth bleeds if easily distributed
Regresses after giving birth
Hyperglycemia
Poorly controlled diabetes
Leukemia
Plaque biofilm not a prerequisite
Smoking
Gingival fibrosis is evident
Malnutrition
Lack of vitamin C
Gingivitis with diabetes
Inflammatory response of the gingiva to plaque with a poorly controlled blood glucose level
Reduction in gingival inflammation may result in Reduction of insulin
Often seen in children with poorly controlled type 1
Gingivitis with Blood Dyscrasias- Leukemia
Often the 1st clinical sign is oral changes
Enlarged tissue, Bleeding, Swollen, red-deep purple, spongy, shiny, tear easy, Bleed with little provocation
Changes begin in papilla
Drug influenced gingival enlargement
Increase in the size of the gingival resulting from systemic medications
Within the first 3 months, irregular pattern starting in the papillae, Anterior is more effected, Severity depends on the ability to remove plaque, Increase in cervical areas fluid and bleeding, with no attachment loss
Drug influenced gingivitis
Exaggerated inflammatory response to dental plaque and a systemic medcation
Meticulous plaque control ____ but
Can… will not eliminate gingival overgrowth
Medications most commonly associated with Gingival enlargement
Anticonvulsants- Seizure
Calcium channel blockers- Hypertension
Immunosuppressants- lowered immune response
Gingival enlargement has a higher prevalence
In children that is first observed in the interdental papilla
Malnutrition groups that are most a risk for plaque induced gingivitis
Infants, Institutionalized elderly, Alcoholics
Vitamin deficiencies
Ascorbic acid deficiency gingivitis = low levels of vitamin C
Vitamin A = Healthy sulcular epithelium
Vitamin B complex = healthy mucosal tissues
Ascorbic acid deficiency
Bright red, Swollen, Ulcerated, Bleeds easily
